Boulding’s Hierarchy of Systems
Boulding (1956) looked at the complexity of systems from a hierarchical approach or a system of systems perspective. Boulding’s hierarchy includes nine levels of systems: frameworks, clockworks, cybernetic systems, open systems, plants, animals, humans, social organizations, and transcendental. This was one of the first major papers on systems and is the foundation for more complex theories and model ...
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15 Dec 2015