FCS 324 Week 9 Quiz

FCS 324 Week 9 Quiz | Los Rios Community College

Module 9 Quiz - Middle Adulthood

Question 1

Ramscar et al, (2014) did research to find that a decline in information processing speed is not necessarily indicative of a decline in cognitive capability. They do not deny that older adults take longer to process information in the manner indicated by the tests, only that this is the result because

  

·         older adults take longer to follow written instructions and thus take longer to complete the test.  

·         the same cognitive mechanism processing different quantities of information.  

·         older adults forget words and thus take longer to complete the task.  

·         the performance of older adults is dictated by methodological flaws in the measuring of information processing speeds.

 

Question 2

If socioemotional selectivity theory is based on the perception of time left, then Baltes SOC theory of “successful aging” is based on  

·         Accepting the prevalent idea of society that aging is about disengaging from social and professional roles.   

·         The inner resources and drive of the individual choosing options and confronting circumstances.  

·         The idea that humans must accept and reconcile themselves to aging.  

·         A theory that viewed aging as an inexorable physiological process which determined patterns of thinking and behavior.

 

Question 3

Saaeda notices that her eyesight is not quite as sharp as it used to be. This is caused by a slight weakening of the muscle around her eyes as she is gets into her fifties. This is known as  

·         gout  

·         gingivitis  

·         sarcopenia   

·         presbyopia

 

Question 4

David is retiring from the company after thirty years. His boss, Sandra, is worried that the person she is training to replace him may not be able to. She has shown him all the systems, and introduced him to customers and clients. The new person is proficient in all of those systems (more so probably than David), and he is extremely personable. “Why am I so worried?” wonders Sandra. The answer has something to do with tacit knowledge, which is ________.

  

·         a form of knowledge that can be rendered in explicit and precise terms and described in clear linguistic or lexical fashion.  

·         knowledge which cannot be codified, transferred in a written form, or even properly verbalized, and, therefore, difficult to transfer.    

·         a form of knowledge that is easily transferred from one person to another by a training schedule or structured interview.  

·         a form of knowledge that can be passed from expert to novice.

 

 

Question 5

A midlife adult who is struggling with generativity would be described as someone experiencing stagnation. How might this be described?  

·         A condition that is akin to major depressive disorder, constituting a withdrawal from all aspects of social interaction.  

·         An absence of involvement, inclusivity, and concern for others.    

·         The display of symptoms resembling anxiety, denoting a withdrawal from the social world.  

·         A mild form of dissociative state that is temporary in nature and passes after a period of a few months.

Question 6

Paula’s children have moved out of the house and she now has two young grandchildren. She finds herself often thinking about how she can pass on her legacy to them and decides to be more involved in their lives, as well as in the community. Paula’s behavior coincides with how John Kotre (1984) defined generativity as a ________.  

·         form of creativity with no underlying impulse or drive.  

·         moral imperative that had to be awakened by education and culture  

·         passing stage of development lasting no more than a decade.  

·         form of investment.

 

Question 7

Menopause in women is a natural part of aging. During this transition the body’s production of two hormones fluctuate and decrease. One is progesterone, the other is ________

  

·         estrogen  

·         adrenaline  

·         cortisol 

·         serotonin

  

Question 8

Socio-emotional selectivity theory (SST) states that our goals and priorities usually change in midlife. Rather than long term goals, we become more concerned with life-satisfaction in the present. This in linked to a belief that  

·         Time can now be spent with a much wider circle of family and friends.    

·         future time is limited.

·         Correct! Time left, is now less than time that has been lived. 

·         That life can “begin” at any age and is largely free of any temporal perspective.  

·         Time, and age, is much less important in midlife than early adulthood dues to greater financial security.

 

Question 9

Significantly more men repartner after “gray divorce”—22% of women and 37% of men. Women live longer than men, but this would not account for this difference in ratio. What two reasons are given to describe this large numerical difference?  

·         Men live longer than women, consequently there is a larger pool of men.  

·         Men prefer to repartner with younger women, older women often prefer to retain their autonomy at this age and are unwilling to to adopt another caring role.

·         Men derive substantial health and income benefits from marriage/cohabitation.  

·         These numbers are the result of methodological flaws and statistical miscalculations in the research literature.

 

 Question 10

Ghislieri and Gatti (2012) identify “generative leadership” and “intergenerational transfer” as key to the future economic success of countries like Italy. What is generative leadership?  

·         a form of leadership derived from the principles of military leadership  

·         a form of leadership linked to the management of supply chains  

·         the passing of entrepreneurial and organizational skills to a future generation  

·         a management theory inspired by prolonging economic return in later life

 

 Question 11

If a person successfully navigates Erikson’s seventh stage of psychosocial development, they will have mastered the virtue of ________.  

·         competence. 

·         wisdom

·         care   

·         love

 

 Question 12

Isabel was in good health until she noticed an increase in osteosarcopenia in her mid-60s. What is osteosarcopenia?  

·         a disease of the liver    

·         a disease that includes the loss of muscle mass and bone mass density    

·         a progressive deterioration of kidney function  

·         an excess of uric acid in the blood

 

 Question 13

Crystallized intelligence is knowledge accumulated over a period of time. It can be acquired via experience, professional and personal, travel, reading and education. It is usually culturally based and can be the result of both choice and personal circumstances. It is sometimes described as cognitive pragmatics and opposed to the cognitive processing of fluid intelligence. It is usually measured by  

·         concept formation via visual puzzles.  

·         pattern recognition based on spatial organization.  

·         deduction based on diagrams.    

·         vocabulary tests, interpretation of texts.

 

Question 14

According to Erikson, middle adulthood should be associated with which of the following qualities or virtues?

  

·         economic success  

·         physiological self-improvement  

·         status and dominance   

·         care for others

 

Question 15

The University of California in its report on the “sandwich generation” (2014) reckoned that federal and state services, hospitals and social workers, and primary physicians provided less than 20% of total care for the long-term sick and disabled. What makes up the remaining 80%?

·         informal care 

·         paid caregivers. 

·         Medicare provided nurses 

·         Female family members.

 

Question 16

Levinson believed that social identity was marked by quite pronounced differences in terms of gender. He believed that the “female dream,” was subject to a fundamental dichotomy which made for often difficult choices. What was that dichotomy?  

·         Looking after children and their older parents  

·         Educational attainment and starting a family  

·         Cross-generational difficulties between mothers and daughters  

·         work/occupation and marriage/family

 

Question 17

Exactly when fluid intelligence begins to decrease is an object of some debate in the academic literature. Some date it from the late 20s, others somewhat later, around the mid 40s. There are of course differences between individual persons. Assuming Jim is in his late 50s, what kind of cognitive information will he likely process in slower fashion that when he was 20?  

·         servicing his old lawnmower  

·         knowledge of gardening  

·         recognizing familiar faces    

·         new or novel information

 

Question 18

Levinson developed the “stage crisis view”, similar to Erikson’s concept of crisis in many ways. What is the key difference with regard to midlife ?

  

·         Levinson believed that the majority of individuals become obsessed with an individual aspect of life to the detriment of others  

·         Levinson adopted a strict version of Freudianism which argued that a midlife crisis was solely the result of unresolved issues from childhood.  

·         Levinson placed a much greater emphasis on physiological changes which accompany aging from 30 onwards.  

·         Levinson proposed a wider set of influential factors, work, family, but also religion, ethnicity, socio-economic status, which may induce a “crisis” at this time of life.

 

Question 19

An increase in subjective well-being was linked to what social living arrangement?  

·         marriage   

·         single, living by oneself  

·         cohabitation 

·         divorced

 

 Question 20

What fundamental methodological limitation can be identified in Levinson’s work (and in a good number of other studies in the social sciences)?  

·         Levinson employed an experimental design that failed to account for a control group.  

·         The sample size is far too small to be confident in extrapolating from its findings to the supposed characteristics of a general population.    

·         The study was conducted without detailing all of the operations and methods, which makes it difficult to replicate.  

·         Levinson used a type of survey which was ill-suited to the task, and led him to form conclusions that midlife was experienced in a negative fashion.

 

 Question 21

Fluid intelligence is concerned with the cognitive mechanics of the human mind; Crystallized intelligence with the skills and experience acquired over a period of time. Nunes & Kramer (2009) compared older and younger air traffic controllers in Canada. They found a significant difference between information processing speeds in tasks unrelated to their occupation which favored the younger group. However, with regard to cognitive tasks related to the job, the results were largely identical. How did they explain this?  

·         The qualifications of each group was different, so differences in intelligence and performance are minor.  

·         Deficiencies in the training of the younger group  

·         It’s a trade-off, with crystallized intelligence gained from experience compensating for a decline in information processing speeds  

·         The older group had been trained over a longer period of time and thereby had more fluid intelligence based on their training.

 

 Question 22

A person’s subjective age can change on a  

·         yearly basis    

·         daily basis    

·         monthly basis 

·         weekly basis

 

 Question 23

What are personal control beliefs?  

·         A theory associated with Eastern philosophy on the importance of transcendental meditation which are now attracting greater attention in the western world.  

·         A form of psychosis associated with delusions of media influence often associated with substance use and serious mental illness    

·         The idea that life cannot be controlled in any way, shape or form and is set by conditions of historical circumstances completely out of our control. This is a theory associated with social and natural forms of determinism.

·         The idea that the individual can dictate outcomes in a specific situation.

 

Question 24

One reason for hearing loss at this time of life is otosclerosis, which affects women more than men, for reasons unknown. How does it affect hearing?  

·         It is a side effect of diabetes    

·         It impedes the movement of sound from middle to inner ear due to abnormal bone growth in the middle ear causing rigidity and thus an obstruction.  

·         Dietary deficiencies

·         It is caused by excessive noise in workplace environments such as mineworking or car manufacturing.

 Question 25

Clark and Lois have a generally happy marriage but also have some conflicts in their marriage that they argue about on a weekly, sometimes daily basis. Clark’s spontaneous absences, Lois’ intense work schedule, and insecurities that are unlikely to change are what John Gottman would call ________.  

·         courtship difficulties  

·         irreconcilable difference    

·         perpetual conflicts

·         hangover differences