Question Details

HIT 111 Week 7 Discussion
Reproductive Systems Case Studies
Class, in this thread we will be looking at reproductive systems and their related patient encounters. The purpose of this thread is to familiarize you with the Key Concepts found in Terminal Course Objectives (TCOs) 9 and 10. You must address all of the questions located after the examples of the case study and patient encounter below.  
OPERATIVE CASE STUDY
Preoperative Diagnosis: (1) Pregnancy, uterine, nondelivered at 40+3 weeks estimated gestational age, (2) arrest of dilation
Surgeon: Randy Chornack, M.D.
Anesthetist: Dr. Androsini
Anesthesia: Continuous lumbar epidural
Operation Performed: Lower primary cesarean section with Pfannenstiel skin incision and low transverse cervical uterine incision.
Indications For Surgery: The patient is a 29-year-old female, G1 P0 (this abbreviation means the first pregnancy, and that the patient has never delivered a child), last menstrual period May 24, who presented at 40+3 weeks estimated gestational age in early active labor. The patient had progressed through the transition phase at which time an intrauterine pressure catheter was placed due to difficulty assessing contractions on the external monitor. She progressed to 6 cm with fetal vertex at 0 station and in the occiput anterior position. She was contracting every 2 to 3 minutes with contractions that were 64, representative of adequate labor. The fetus had an episode of bradycardia to the 80s lasting approximately 10-12, minutes which responded to resuscitative measures including positioning and application of oxygen with a return to a baseline of 160s with some hypervariability; however, no further deceleration (slowing of fetal heart rate). In the face of adequate spontaneous labor and failure to progress beyond 6 cm for a period of 2 hours and 30 minutes, a decision was made to proceed to primary cesarean delivery.
Findings: At 10:03 p.m., the patient was delivered of a liveborn female infant with Apgar scores of 9 and 9 and weight of 3,422 g.
Description of Operation: In the OR under continuous lumbar epidural, the patient was prepped and draped in the usual fashion for cesarean delivery including sterile insertion of Foley catheter. She was placed in the supine position with a right hip role. A Pfannenstiel skin incision was made, the rectus fascia was dissected off of the underlying muscles that were then separated in the midline, and the peritoneal cavity was entered. The visceroperitoneum overlying the lower uterine segment was elevated, incised, and the bladder was dissected away from the lower uterine segment. A low transverse cervical incision was made and was extended with the bandage scissors. The amniotic cavity was entered, revealing moderate meconium.
The fetal vertex was palpated, elevated, and delivered. The baby was suctioned on the maternal abdomen. The remainder of the infant was delivered. The cord was doubly clamped and cut. The infant was passed up to the pediatricians in attendance. The placenta was manually extracted intact. It was a three-vessel cord. Pitocin and 2 gm of Ancef were added to the IV fluid after delivery of the placenta.
The uterus was exteriorized and the uterine incision was examined. There was found to be a right inferolateral extension. There was also noted to be dissection in the myometrial layers of the lower uterine segment where a venous sinus had been entered with copious bleeding. This was controlled with interrupted figure-of-eight sutures and reapproximation of the myometrial layers. Closure of the right inferolateral extension incorporated the right uterine artery in the repair. This was closed in a running locking fashion with #1 chromic suture, as was the remainder of the uterine incision. Good hemostasis was obtained. The bladder flap was then approximated using a running stitch of 2-0 chromic suture. The abdominal cavity was thoroughly irrigated and suctioned free of clots. The uterus was returned to the abdominal cavity, the parietal peritoneum and the fascia were closed. The subcutaneous tissues were thoroughly irrigated and found to be hemostatic. The skin was closed with staples and sterile dressing was applied. The patient left for the recovery room in stable condition. She received 2400 cc of lactated Ringer's interoperatively and had 125 cc of urine output. Estimated blood loss was 1,000 cc.
The patient tolerated the procedure well. There were no complications.
Addendum: The pediatricians suctioned the infant postpartum, revealing no meconium below the cord.
 
OUTPATIENT OFFICE ENCOUNTER
Susan Barnes presents to the office today with a low-grade fever and lower abdominal discomfort. She states that she has a strong, persistent urge to urinate and that when she does, she experiences a burning sensation. Her urine is smoky brown in color and has a strong smell to it. We have requested a clean-catch urine specimen from the patient and will order a stat urinalysis and urine culture.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1.    Given the above Operative Case Study, identify one or two situations in which appropriately and accurately used medical terminology enables health information professionals to successfully support clinical staff functions
2.    Reviewing the outpatient encounter of Susan Barnes, accomplish the following and report in your findings and comments in your post.
A.    Go to Learn about a test in the A.D.A.M. multimedia encyclopedia. Read all the information under urinalysis and look at the two images. After reading the material, summarize, or paraphrase any information that you use in response to the discussion questions this week. Be sure and cite your source appropriately. Do not copy and paste information.
B.     Why is a urinalysis considered a diagnostic test?
3.      General questions
A.    Define the structures of the male reproductive system.
B.    Define the structures of the female reproductive system.
C.    Discuss briefly the cycle of pregnancy and childbirth.