Question Details

HSA 535 Final Exam Part 2



•	Question 1

	Which of the following is not usually an aim of epidemiology?			
	
•	Question 2

	
	Which of the following activities characterizes an epidemiologic approach (as opposed to a clinical approach)?			
	
			
•	Question 3

	
	The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) is responsible for (give the best answer):			

•	Question 4

	According to the natural history of disease model, the time before the precursors of disease and the host interact is called the period of:			
	
•	Question 5

	Indicate the level of prevention that is represented by nutritional counseling for pregnant women			

			
•	Question 6

	Using epidemiology for operational research involves:			

			
•	Question 7

	To provide a direct estimate of the risk of developing a disease. Is this a use for incidence or prevalence data?			

			
•	Question 8

	
	An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of 100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular year:
 
Number of skaters in Metroville during any given month	12,000
Roller-skating injuries in Metroville	600
Total number of residents injured from roller-skating	1,800
Total number of deaths from roller-skating	90
Total number of deaths from all causes	900

 
The proportional mortality ratio (%) due to roller-skating was:			
			
•	Question 9	Estimating the frequency of exposure. Is this a use for incidence or prevalence data?			
	
			
•	Question 10

	A null hypothesis is most similar to which of the following?			

•	Question 11

	Descriptive epidemiology has the following characteristics (Choose the incorrect
option):			
	
			
•	Question 12
5 out of 5 points
	
	Reasons for gender differences in mortality may include:			
	
			
•	Question 13

	
	An abrupt drop in mortality due to a specific disease from one year to the next is most likely due to:			
	
			
•	Question 14

	
	Cautious use of information from death certificates is warranted because:			
	
			
•	Question 15

	A large medical center- oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital- epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows:
DATA
 	Cancer Patients	Other Patients
 	Men	Women	Men	Women
LIFESTYLE VARIABLE	 
Alcohol	185	120	270	260
Tea Drinking	140	110	230	225
Coffee Drinking	190	140	270	240

 
Note:   Total number of male cancer patients = 200.
            Total number of female cancer patients = 150.
            Total number of male patients (other diseases) = 300.
            Total number of female patients (other diseases) = 300.
 
Does this study have a disease status variable?			
	
			
•	Question 16

	
	Ecologic studies:			
	
•	Question 17
A large medical center- oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital- epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows:
DATA
 	Cancer Patients	Other Patients
 	Men	Women	Men	Women
LIFESTYLE VARIABLE	 
Alcohol	185	120	270	260
Tea Drinking	140	110	230	225
Coffee Drinking	190	140	270	240

 
Note:   Total number of male cancer patients = 200.
            Total number of female cancer patients = 150.
            Total number of male patients (other diseases) = 300.
            Total number of female patients (other diseases) = 300.
 
Does this study have an exposure status variable?			

			
•	Question 18
Which of the following individuals helped draw people- attention to the method of cohort analysis?			

			
•	Question 19
A major advantage of cohort studies over case-control studies with respect to the role of a suspected factor in the etiology of a disease is that:			
	
			
•	Question 20
As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing malformations in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women during the course of their pregnancies. As your sample you will use the next 200 single births occurring in a given hospital. For each birth a medication history will be taken from the new mother and from her doctor; in addition, you will review medical records to verify use of the drug. [N.B.: These mothers are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during pregnancy.]
The resultant data are:
Forty mothers have taken the suspected drug during their pregnancies. Of these mothers, 35 have delivered malformed infants. In addition, 10 other infants are born with malfunctions.
 
The number of individuals who both did not take the drug and did not give birth to infants who were malformed was:			

			
•	Question 21
Lead time bias is best described as:			
	 


			
•	Question 22
	A new screening test for Lyme disease is developed for use in the general population. The sensitivity and specificity of the new test are 60% and 70%, respectively. Three hundred people are screened at a clinic during the first year the new test is implemented. Assume the true prevalence of Lyme disease among clinic attendees is 10%.
Calculate the following values:
 
The predictive value of a positive test is:			
		
•	Question 23

	The degree of agreement among several trained experts refers to:			
	
			
•	Question 24
Someone suggests immunization as a means of reducing disease, specifically the feared UJ (uderlingerjacamoodi). What part of the disease cycle is he or she trying to affect?			
	
•	Question 25

	
	You have just finished administering a food/drink questionnaire to ill and non-ill participants in a Minnesota summer picnic party. The ill individuals developed moderate to severe diarrhea 16 to 46 hours after the picnic. Six persons experienced vomiting. The following data were collected:
 	ATE	DID NOT EAT
 	Number of people	Number of people
Food item	Ill	Not ill	Total	Ill	Not ill	Total
Hot dogs	40	30	70	10	20	30
Hamburgers	32	8	40	20	40	60
Potato salad	45	25	70	15	25	40
Ice cream	48	12	60	2	38	40
Lemonade	20	40	60	20	20	40

 
Which food item appears to be the most probable vehicle for the salmonella (agent) infection associated with the illness?			
	
			
•	Question 26

	Schistosomiasis is an example of:			
	
			
•	Question 27

	The lowest dose at which a particular response may occur:			
	
•	Question 28

	Asbestos exposure has been associated with:			

•	Question 29

	Personal behavior and lifestyle factors in health do not include:			

•	Question 30

	
	Which of the following conditions would not be likely to be considered a Western or way-of-life disease?