Question Details

PSY 140 MODULE 4 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING


1.	It is difficult not to be able to remember items that others expect you to remember. If you just started making up memories to answer others' questions, this is known as:
a.    disinhibition.
b.    facilitation.
c.    consolidation.
d.    confabulation.
Hint: p. 255
SLO3:Explain mental processes and behaviors and how they relate to self management and improvement.
LO3B:Identify the role of memory in the learning process
	1
2.	The study of "Little Albert" is a famous example of the study of learned that was conducted by:
a.    Pavlov.
b.    Watson.
c.    Thorndike.
d.    Bandura.
Hint: p. 201
SLO3:Explain mental processes and behaviors and how they relate to self management and improvement.
LO3B:Identify the role of memory in the learning process
	1
3.	In Pavlov's classic studies with dogs and digestion, what was the response that Pavlov measured?
a.    Amount of food presented
b.    Footsteps in the laboratory
c.    Sound of a metronome
d.    Amount of salivation
Hint: p. 195
SLO4:Discuss the major concepts, theories, and historical trends in psychology.
LO4B:Evaluate classical and operant conditioning
	1
4.	Thorndike's "law of effect" suggests that:
a.    the consequences of a behavior influence the probability of that behavior being repeated.
b.    the more we observe positive models in our environment, the more we emulate those models.
c.    when a conditioned stimulus is repeatedly followed by an unconditioned stimulus, learning occurs.
d.    the more we know, the more we comprehend that we don't know.
Hint: p. 203
SLO3:Explain mental processes and behaviors and how they relate to self management and improvement.
LO3B:Identify the role of memory in the learning process
	0
5.	Simple forms of learning, such as classical conditioning of the gill withdrawal reflex in the sea snail, appear to physically take place:
a.    in the creature's hippocampus.
b.    only in creatures without a brain.
c.    at the synaptic level.
d.    outside of the nervous system.
Hint: p. 252
SLO4:Discuss the major concepts, theories, and historical trends in psychology.
LO4B:Evaluate classical and operant conditioning
	1
6.	In Pavlov's experiments, which condition of association produced the best results?
a.    When the metronome preceded the food powder by 10 seconds
b.    When the food powder and metronome were presented simultaneously
c.    When the food powder preceded the metronome by 10 seconds
d.    When the metronome preceded the food powder by half a second
Hint: p. 197
SLO4:Discuss the major concepts, theories, and historical trends in psychology.
LO4B:Evaluate classical and operant conditioning
	1
7.	One of the criticisms against the research on motivated forgetting is that:
a.    stressful events can cause forgetting by biological means.
b.    case studies of motivated forgetting involved ordinary life events.
c.    adults frequently fail to report traumatic childhood experiences.
d.    the concept contradicts well-established principles of Freudian psychoanalysis.
Hint: p. 251
SLO3:Explain mental processes and behaviors and how they relate to self management and improvement.
LO3B:Identify the role of memory in the learning process
	0
8.	Frequency and timing of the association of two neutral stimuli are important to the formation of what?
a.    classical conditioning
b.    unconditioned stimulus
c.    shaped behavior
d.    Thorndikian learning
Hint: pp. 196-197
SLO4:Discuss the major concepts, theories, and historical trends in psychology.
LO4B:Evaluate classical and operant conditioning
	1
9.	In which theoretical area does research suggest that short-term memory and long-term memory are based on different processes in the brain?
a.    Levels of processing theory
b.    Schema theory
c.    Synaptic theory
d.    Spreading activation model
Hint: p. 252
SLO3:Explain mental processes and behaviors and how they relate to self management and improvement.
LO3B:Identify the role of memory in the learning process
	1
10.	Punishment involves a ______ consequence that leads to a(n) ______ in the frequency of a behavior.
a.    negative; increase
b.    negative; decrease
c.    positive; increase
d.    positive; decrease
Hint: p. 209
SLO4:Discuss the major concepts, theories, and historical trends in psychology.
LO4B:Evaluate classical and operant conditioning
	0
11.	A student comes to college and is extremely anxious about doing poorly and flunking out. To calm her fears, the student studies hard and receives all A's the first semester. This student has been:
a.    positively reinforced.
b.    negatively reinforced.
c.    classically conditioned.
d.    vicariously punished.
Hint: p. 208
SLO4:Discuss the major concepts, theories, and historical trends in psychology.
LO4B:Evaluate classical and operant conditioning
	1
12.	Pavlov found that a neutral stimulus was more likely to produce dogs to salivate if the stimulus:
a.    was delivered on a variable interval schedule.
b.    positively reinforced salivation.
c.    and food were frequently associated.
d.    followed the salivation by one second.
Hint: p. 195
SLO4:Discuss the major concepts, theories, and historical trends in psychology.
LO4B:Evaluate classical and operant conditioning
	1
13.	The memory exercise in your text presented a "study" list of words and a "test" list of words later. Many students incorrectly recalled "sleep" as being in the study list when it was not. This illustrates:
a.    the false memory construction of memory.
b.    that memory can never be trusted.
c.    college student memories are poor.
d.    memory errors are not reconstructionist.
Hint: p. 248
SLO3:Explain mental processes and behaviors and how they relate to self management and improvement.
LO3B:Identify the role of memory in the learning process
	1
14.	When a false memory occurs, this means that:
a.    memory for the real episode has been falsified.
b.    true memories have already been repressed.
c.    someone is lying about what actually happened.
d.    something is remembered that never happened.
Hint: p. 248
SLO3:Explain mental processes and behaviors and how they relate to self management and improvement.
LO3B:Identify the role of memory in the learning process
	1
15.	The theory of memory that suggests that the basis of learning and memory is due to unique patterns of neuronal activity causing changes in synapses to occur is known as:
a.    spreading activation.
b.    retrograde association.
c.    psychogenic fugue.
d.    synaptic facilitation.
Hint: pp. 251-252
SLO3:Explain mental processes and behaviors and how they relate to self management and improvement.
LO3B:Identify the role of memory in the learning process
	1
16.	According to schema theory, we remember events in:
a.    terms of their meanings and then make up the details to fit.
b.    terms of specific details and sometimes we get out of sequence.
c.    mnemonic codes, which is why we have trouble finding them.
d.    only one hemisphere of the brain and lose them when they are transferred to the other side.
Hint: pp. 245-246
SLO3:Explain mental processes and behaviors and how they relate to self management and improvement.
LO3B:Identify the role of memory in the learning process
	0
17.	An associative network of beliefs, knowledge, and expectations is known as a:
a.    register.
b.    schema.
c.    hybrid.
d.    collection.
Hint: p. 245
SLO3:Explain mental processes and behaviors and how they relate to self management and improvement.
LO3B:Identify the role of memory in the learning process
	1
18.	Using Pavlov's idea of learning through association, a(n) ______ stimulus comes to elicit a response over time.
a.    learned
b.    original
c.    neutral
d.    inborn
Hint: p. 196
SLO3:Explain mental processes and behaviors and how they relate to self management and improvement.
LO3B:Identify the role of memory in the learning process
	1
19.	Slot machines are set to pay off on the average of once in every 1,000,000 plays. This is an example of a ______ schedule of reinforcement.
a.    variable-ratio
b.    fixed-ratio
c.    variable-interval
d.    fixed-interval
Hint: p. 206
SLO4:Discuss the major concepts, theories, and historical trends in psychology.
LO4B:Evaluate classical and operant conditioning
	1
20.	In classical conditioning, an unlearned, inborn reaction to an unconditioned stimulus is a(n):
a.    unconditioned stimulus.
b.    conditioned stimulus.
c.    unconditioned response.
d.    conditioned response.
Hint: p. 197
SLO4:Discuss the major concepts, theories, and historical trends in psychology.
LO4B:Evaluate classical and operant conditioning
	1
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