Question Details

SOC 135  MODULE 5 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1.	Why did the "XYY" chromosome theory fall out of favor as an explanation for criminal behavior?
a.    It was discovered there are no longer any XYY chromosome configurations among men.
b.    Most criminals do not have XYY and everyone with XYY is not a criminal.
c.    The work of the theorist who proposed the theory was plagiarized.
d.    The theory only explains deviant and criminal behavior among females.
Hint: p. 200
SLO5:Assess deviance and the reasons for deviant behaviors
LO5E:Analyze the reasons and theories for deviant behaviors from a psychological, biological, and 
sociological perspective
	1
2.	Matthew and Ryan are devout Christian Fundamentalists and believe that homosexuality is against God's will and that homosexuals deserve to be punished. They spend a couple evenings each week in gay bashing activities that include physical violence and verbal assaults. Based on their rationalization, which technique of neutralization is most applicable for Matthew and Ryan to maintain positive self-images?
a.    Denial of a victim
b.    Denial of injury
c.    Denial of responsibility
d.    Condemn the condemner
Hint: p. 205
SLO5:Assess deviance and the reasons for deviant behaviors
LO5E:Analyze the reasons and theories for deviant behaviors from a psychological, biological, and 
sociological perspective
	0
3.	Which statement regarding the nation's income is most accurate?
a.    Income earnings are just about evenly divided among all Americans.
b.    The top two-thirds of Americans earn about two-thirds of the income.
c.    The top 20 percent of Americans earn nearly half the income.
d.    The bottom 20 percent of Americans earn about 15 percent of the income.
Hint: p. 263
SLO3:Assess the various social groups and organizations within societies, and discuss their origin
LO3E:Define social class and its consequence
	1
4.	Intentionally keeping groups of people unemployed during periods of economic recession until they are needed for the next economic boom is a strategy by the government to establish a(n) ________.
a.    reserve labor force
b.    split labor market
c.    marginal working class
d.    underclass
Hint: pp. 287-288
SLO4:Analyze poverty and its effects on society
LO4A:Examine poverty and its effects on society
	1
5.	What is the background profile of most United States presidents?
a.    Upper-class white men from traditional working families
b.    Millionaire white men from families with old money
c.    Individuals from a diverse pool of Americans who love their country
d.    Politicians from new money families with upper-class backgrounds
Hint: p. 266
SLO13:Examine urbanization, evolution of various cities, and growth in population in the U.S. and the 
world
LO13C:Analyze the importance of income, power and prestige on career choices
	0
6.	What is a group's formal and informal means of enforcing norms called?
a.    Social solidarity
b.    The social imperative
c.    Social control
d.    Social bond
Hint: p. 199
SLO5:Assess deviance and the reasons for deviant behaviors
LO5E:Analyze the reasons and theories for deviant behaviors from a psychological, biological, and 
sociological perspective
	1
7.	What are the two most significant "anchoring devices" that insulate a person from a life of crime and imprisonment?
a.    A good lawyer and big expense account
b.    Neighborhood and income
c.    Race and ethnicity
d.    Marriage and education
Hint: p. 215
SLO5:Assess deviance and the reasons for deviant behaviors
LO5E:Analyze the reasons and theories for deviant behaviors from a psychological, biological, and 
sociological perspective
	1
8.	According to control theory, when are inner controls most effective in deterring deviant behavior?
a.    When we fear punishment from authorities such as parents or the court system
b.    In the presence of strong attachments, commitments, and involvement with other members of 
society
c.    When they are applied to members of the middle or upper classes
d.    In situations where there is a strong police presence
Hint: pp. 203-205
SLO5:Assess deviance and the reasons for deviant behaviors
LO5E:Analyze the reasons and theories for deviant behaviors from a psychological, biological, and
 sociological perspective
	1
9.	All of the following acts qualify as a white collar crime except for which one?
a.    A bank teller robbing the First National bank
b.    A police officer taking $100 to refrain from writing a speeding ticket
c.    An executive writing off the corporation's million-dollar fine as investment capital
d.    A businessperson classifying parking tickets as job hunting expenses on an income tax return
Hint: p. 210
SLO0:General Content
LO0A:General Content
	0
10.	What does status inconsistency refer to in relation to social stratification?
a.    Individuals exhibit insecurity and inferiority when they are ranked low in prestige.
b.    Individuals fail to recognize the contradictions of class inequality and democratic values.
c.    Individuals are ranked high on one dimension of social class and low on other dimensions.
d.    Ranking in power, wealth, and prestige must be consistent for an individual to avoid negative 
consequences.
Hint: p. 268
SLO13:Examine urbanization, evolution of various cities, and growth in population in the U.S. and the 
world
LO13C:Analyze the importance of income, power and prestige on career choices
	1
11.	Susie is a first-year college student. Although she wants to be popular, she has refused invitations to attend underage drinking parties. Susie has a strong respect for authority, even when it conflicts with a simple matter such as attending a college party. Susie's decision in this situation demonstrates a quality of control theory called ________.
a.    pushes
b.    inner control
c.    formal control
d.    pulls
Hint: pp. 203-205
SLO5:Assess deviance and the reasons for deviant behaviors
LO5E:Analyze the reasons and theories for deviant behaviors from a psychological, biological, and 
sociological perspective
	1
12.	What did the research by Kohn suggest as being the primary influence upon parents that emphasized how they reared their children?
a.    The net worth of the family
b.    The race or ethnicity of the family
c.    The location in which the family lived
d.    The parents' occupations
Hint: p. 276
SLO13:Examine urbanization, evolution of various cities, and growth in population in the U.S. and the 
world
LO13C:Analyze the importance of income, power and prestige on career choices
	0
13.	Changes in society that cause large numbers of people to move up or down the class ladder, which causes one class to increase while others decrease, is called ________ mobility.
a.    exchange
b.    automatic
c.    structural
d.    intragenerational
Hint: p. 278
SLO3:Assess the various social groups and organizations within societies, and discuss their origin
LO3F:Analyze changes in social class between generations
	1
14.	According to strain theory, the underlying cause of deviance is that people experience a sense of normlessness. This sense of normlessness is referred to as ________.
a.    anomie
b.    latent dysfunction
c.    mass hysteria
d.    retreatism
Hint: p. 209
SLO5:Assess deviance and the reasons for deviant behaviors
LO5E:Analyze the reasons and theories for deviant behaviors from a psychological, biological, and 
sociological perspective
	1
15.	The relativity of deviance is most aligned with which sociological perspective?
a.    Structural functionalism
b.    Symbolic interactionism
c.    The conflict perspective
d.    The neo-conflict perspective
Hint: p. 198
SLO5:Assess deviance and the reasons for deviant behaviors
LO5E:Analyze the reasons and theories for deviant behaviors from a psychological, biological, and 
sociological perspective
	1
16.	The percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested is known as ___________.
a.    reimprisonment
b.    recidivism
c.    three-strike law
d.    criminal justice
Hint: p. 218
SLO5:Assess deviance and the reasons for deviant behaviors
LO5E:Analyze the reasons and theories for deviant behaviors from a psychological, biological, and 
sociological perspective
	1
17.	A group's usual and customary social arrangements upon which its members depend and on which they base their lives is called ________.
a.    social control
b.    sanction
c.    social order
d.    social guideline
Hint: p. 199
SLO5:Assess deviance and the reasons for deviant behaviors
LO5E:Analyze the reasons and theories for deviant behaviors from a psychological, biological, and 
sociological perspective
	1
18.	The significance of names or reputations given to people when they engage in certain types of behavior is the focus of ________ theory.
a.    strain
b.    control
c.    labeling
d.    differential association
Hint: p. 205
SLO5:Assess deviance and the reasons for deviant behaviors
LO5E:Analyze the reasons and theories for deviant behaviors from a psychological, biological, and 
sociological perspective
	1
19.	In which of the following settings would shaming be least effective?
a.    The family
b.    A close knit society, such as the Amish
c.    A small religious cult
d.    A large inner-city neighborhood
Hint: p. 204
SLO5:Assess deviance and the reasons for deviant behaviors
LO5E:Analyze the reasons and theories for deviant behaviors from a psychological, biological, and 
sociological perspective
	1
20.	What are the three variables Max Weber identified as defining social class?
a.   Ethnicity, race, sex
b.   Wealth, power, prestige
c.   Sex, power, education
d.   Occupation, neighborhood, wealth
Hint: p. 262
SLO3:Assess the various social groups and organizations within societies, and discuss their origin
LO3E:Define social class and its consequence
	1
21.	According to Cloward and Ohlin, what is the underlying cause of deviance and delinquency in unstable slums of a city?
a.    Illegitimate opportunity structures
b.    The racial composition of the city
c.    A rival struggle for power
d.    Unethical police behavior
Hint: p. 209
SLO5:Assess deviance and the reasons for deviant behaviors
LO5E:Analyze the reasons and theories for deviant behaviors from a psychological, biological, and 
sociological perspective
	1
22.	Erving Goffman used the term ________ to refer to characteristics that discredit people.
a.    master status
b.    role
c.    stigma
d.    sanction
Hint: p. 198
SLO5:Assess deviance and the reasons for deviant behaviors
LO5E:Analyze the reasons and theories for deviant behaviors from a psychological, biological, and
 sociological perspective
	1
23.	In 1996, the U.S. welfare system was restructured. Supporters of this reform maintain that the new system rescues people from poverty and reduces welfare costs. What is the primary evidence they point out to support this?
a.    The number of people on welfare has significantly decreased.
b.    The unemployment rate is now lower.
c.    Fewer teenagers are having babies.
d.    Fewer people qualify as being in poverty.
Hint: p. 287
SLO4:Analyze poverty and its effects on society
LO4A:Examine poverty and its effects on society
	1
24.	Violations of norms and rules that are written into law are officially called ________.
a.    ethics
b.    values
c.    folkways
d.    crimes
Hint: p. 198
SLO5:Assess deviance and the reasons for deviant behaviors
LO5D:Distinguish between the different perspectives on deviance
	1
25.	The belief by many Americans that they actually contribute to major governmental decisions through the power of their vote is referred to by Hellinger and Judd as ________.
a.    false consciousness
b.    the power of persuasion
c.    constitutional mandate
d.    the democratic facade
Hint: p. 266
SLO3:Assess the various social groups and organizations within societies, and discuss their origin
LO3F:Analyze changes in social class between generations
	1
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