Question Details

MAT 510 Final Exam Question 1	 
We learned in Chapter 2 that most processes are dynamic in nature, and therefore the time dimension is often a critical consideration in process improvement. For which of the case studies in Chapter 4 was plotting data over time NOT critical to success?
Answer
 
	Reducing resin output variation
 
	Reducing telephone waiting time at a bank
 
	Resolving customer complaints of baby wipe flushability
 
	Realized revenue fiasco
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 2
1.	 
The basic reason for randomness of sampling in design of experiments is:
Answer
 
	Increase the chances that the sample represents the population
 
	Speed up the sampling process
 
	Guarantee to reduce the cost of inspection
 
	Guarantee correct interpretation of data
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 3
1.	 
A 32 experiment means that we are experimenting with:
Answer
 
	Two levels of three factors
 
	Two dependent variables and three independent variables
 
	Two go/no-go variables and three continuous variables
 
	Three levels of two factors
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 4
1.	 
What should one consider when analyzing the results of an experiment?
Answer
 
	Understanding of the science, technology and operation of the process being studied
 
	Creating graphical displays to aid in the analysis and interpretation of the results of the experiment
 
	Performing a statistical analysis to test the significance of the effects studied in the experiment
 
	All the above
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 5
1.	 
In the experimental layout below, which are the most important factors?
 
Factor A	Factor B	Factor C	Y
-1	-1	-1	150
1	-1	-1	148
-1	1	-1	156
1	1	-1	158
-1	-1	1	137
1	-1	1	132
-1	1	1	145
1	1	1	147
Answer
 
	Factor A
 
	Factor B
 
	Factor C
 
	Factors A and B
 
	Factors A and C
 
	Factors B and C
 
	All three factors (A, B and C)
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 6
1.	 
Given the plot below, what might you suspect about factors A and B?
 
 
Answer
 
	The effect of A is not influenced by the level of B
 
	The effect of A depends on the level of B
 
	A has a larger effect on the response than B
 
	B has a larger effect on the response than A
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 7
1.	 
Models based on subject matter fundamentals (theory) are generally better than statistical models for:
Answer
 
	Deep understanding of the process being modeled
 
	Extrapolation - Predicting outside the region of the available data
 
	Quick development of models
 
	A and B
 
	All of the above
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 8
1.	 
The model residuals are examined to:
Answer
 
	Check the adequacy of the model
 
	Check the assumptions of the analysis
 
	Identify ways to develop a better model if needed
 
	All of the above
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 9
1.	 
If you had the following residual plots what would be your concerns regarding the adequacy of the model associated with these residuals?
 
 
Answer
 
	Model is adequate. There is nothing of concern in the residual plots
 
	No problem, the residuals are normally distributed
 
	Residuals plots exhibit curvature versus the fitted value, but that is not a big problem
 
	Residuals plots have non-random patterns suggesting that the model is not adequate.
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 10
1.	 
The best way to evaluate the validity of a statistical model is:
Answer
 
	Analyze residuals of the model including the comparison of the model predictions and measured values
 
	Evaluate graphs of the data
 
	Check the prediction accuracy of the model using new data
 
	Compare the response effects measured by the model to those predicted by past experience and subject matter fundamentals
 
	All of the above
4 points   
Question 11
1.	 
Process models are used to:
Answer
 
	Understand the process
 
	Predict process performance in the future
 
	Measure the effects of process changes
 
	Manage, control and improve the process
 
	All of the above
4 points   
Question 12
1.	 
For which of the following scenarios am I most likely to utilize a Chi-squared test?
Answer
 
	Comparing the proportion of employees who take 10 or more sick days a year between three manufacturing plants
 
	Comparing the amount of variation in age between employees at four call centers
 
	Determining if there is any evidence that an independent variable has a relationship with y in a multiple regression model
 
	Comparing the average retirement age between hourly workers and management
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 13
1.	 
I have calculated an interval to document the uncertainty in my estimate of the long-term standard deviation I will experience in time to pay invoices in my business going forward. Baaed on this information, this should be considered what type of interval?
Answer
 
	Confidence interval for a parameter
 
	Prediction interval for a future observation
 
	Confidence interval for the difference in variation
 
	Prediction interval for the difference in variation
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 14
1.	 
A local university ran a regression model on factors impacting starting job salary of employed graduates. After validating this as a reasonable model, the university noted that the regression coefficient for GPA had a p-value of .10. Which of the following would be a reasonable conclusion in this case?
Answer
 
	We have convincing evidence that GPA does have a relationship with starting salary
 
	We have convincing evidence that GPA does not have a relationship with starting salary
 
	We have insufficient evidence to conclude that GPA has a relationship with starting salary
 
	We have insufficient evidence to develop a confidence interval for the regression coefficient for GPA
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 15
1.	 
We are conducting a poll for the mayoral election of a medium sized city, and found with one week before the election that the Democrat candidate is leading with 52% planning to vote for her, 46% planning to vote for the Republican, with 2% not sure. The 95% confidence interval for proportion planning to vote for the Democrat is +/- 3%. Based on this information, and making reasonable assumptions, which of the following statements is correct?
Answer
 
	Assuming there is no change in voter sentiment, we can be confident that the Democrat will win the election by receiving over 50% of the vote
 
	Assuming there is no change in voter sentiment, we can be confident that the Democrat will win the election by receiving more votes than the Republican
 
	Assuming there is no change in voter sentiment, we can be confident that the Republican will not receive more votes than the Democrat
 
	Neither candidate is leading at this point
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 16
1.	 
Which of the following could be considered a prediction interval?
Answer
 
	An interval documenting uncertainty in an estimated regression coefficient
 
	An interval documenting uncertainty in the average of the next month- daily revenues
 
	An interval documenting uncertainty in the difference between the average population cycle times in approving expense accounts between two business units
 
	An interval documenting uncertainty in the long-term return rate (%) of a consumer product ordered over the Internet
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 17
1.	 
In evaluating data on our process outputs, four characteristics we might investigate are: central tendency, variation, shape of distribution, and stability. Which of the following tools would be most helpful to determine the shape of the distribution?
Answer
 
	Scatter plot
 
	Histogram
 
	Pareto chart
 
	Run chart
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 18
1.	 
In evaluating data on our process outputs, four characteristics we might investigate are: central tendency, variation, shape of distribution, and stability. Which of the following tools would be most helpful to determine stability of the process?
Answer
 
	Scatter plot
 
	Histogram
 
	Pareto chart
 
	Run chart
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 19
1.	 
A sample of 50 invoices are inspected each shift for errors, and classified as either “good”, i.e., without error, or “bad”, having some problem. If we plot our bad invoices each shift on a control chart, which chart should we use?
Answer
 
	X-bar and R chart
 
	Individuals and moving range chart
 
	Either p or np chart
 
	Either a c or u chart
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 20
1.	 
A process is said to be capable if:
Answer
 
	The process consistently meets the customers needs
 
	The common cause variation is less than +/- 3σ
 
	The common cause variation fits within the specification limits
 
	The process is experiencing no special causes
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 21
1.	 
Control limits were originally defined at the three-sigma level because:
Answer
 
	This level provides a good balance between the risks of having “false alarms” and missing special causes
 
	This level establishes tight limits for the process to minimize variation
 
	This level provides only 3 false alarms out of 1,000
 
	This level makes it difficult for special causes to occur
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 22
1.	 
Process average or mean:
Answer
 
	Is computed by dividing the total of the measurements made on the process by the number of measurements used to compute the total
 
	Approximates the center of the distribution of measurements made on the process
 
	A measure of the typical level of process performance
 
	All of the above
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 23
1.	 
What is tool that can be used to detect the structure variation?
Answer
 
	Average of a snap shot data
 
	Compute standard deviation of the collected data
 
	Construct a histogram of the data
 
	Understand and explain the “predictable unstable” data pattern
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 24
1.	 
Processes are important because:
Answer
 
	They tell us how a product or service is created
 
	Processes provide a context for problem solving and improvement
 
	Processes produce results --- Products and services
 
	All of the above
 
	None of the above
4 points   
Question 25
1.	 
The primary goal of process mapping is to:
Answer
 
	Understand how the process as it is actually operated
 
	Create a context for problem solving
 
	Document the  process steps including beginning and end
 
	All of the above
 
	None of the above
4 points   
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