BIOL 133 Week 1 Exam | Assignment Help | American Public University System
- american-public-university-system / BIOL 133
- 27 Dec 2019
- Price: $20
- Other / Other
BIOL 133 Week 1 Exam | Assignment Help | American Public University System
Week 1 Exam
Question 1 of 40
How are the membrane
components oriented?
o
The hydrophobic heads are oriented towards
the outside of the cell and the hydrophilic tails are oriented towards the
inside of the cell.
o
The hydrophilic heads are oriented towards
the outside and the inside of the cell and the hydrophobic tails are oriented
towards each other.
o
The hydrophobic heads are oriented towards
each other and the hydrophilic tails are oriented towards the outside and
inside of the cell.
o
The hydrophobic heads are oriented towards
the inside of the cell and the hydrophilic tails are oriented towards the
outside of the cell.
If sodium does not move
down its gradient in the co-transport pump, what would be the outcome?
o
Sugar would not be affected
o
Sugar would not be able to move down the
gradient
o Sugar would not be able to move up the gradient
Question
3 of 40
Membrane proteins are
able to cross because sections are composed of
o
hydrophilic phosphate regions
o
hydrophobic amino acids
o
polar amino acids
o
hydrophilic amino acids.
o
nonpolar phosphate regions
Question 4 of 40
o
cholesterol
o
phospholipid heads
o
intrinsic membrane proteins
o
phospholipid tails
Question 5 of 40
Which of the following is
an example of an aliphatic hydrocarbon?
o
Cholesterol
o
Methane
o
Benzene
o
Estrogen
Question 6 of 40
An atom with an atomic
mass of 89 and an atomic number of 39 has how many
neutrons?
o
128
o
2
o
50
o
59
What examples describe the second law of
thermodynamics? Select all that apply.
o
A penny will fall when you pick it up and
let it drop.
o
A frying pan is on a hot stove. When
removed it will cool.
o
Ice cubes will melt in a warm room.
o
Donuts nutrients are used to help you
exercise.
Question 8 of 40
Before the battery in the
car is jumped, the individuals notice the hook-ups on the battery are corroded
by acid. What substance can be used to clean the acid?
o
orange juice
o
baking soda
o
urine
o
black coffee
o
lemons
Question 9 of 40
The NASA Mars rover has
found evidence of water on Mars. This opens the possibility that life may have
existed on another planet, perhaps evolving completely independently.
“Just think!” says your
friend, “Extra-terrestrial cells might be totally different than Earth cells.
For example, the plasma membranes might be inside out, with the polar heads on
the inside and the tails on the outside!”
What is your response?
o
“Yes, anything we’ve learned about how
Earth cells work is unlikely to be the same if evolution ran independently.”
o
“Well that happens in specialized cells on
Earth too. For instance, adipocytes have these inside-out membranes.”
o
“That seems unlikely, since if a cell is
in a watery environment, and has a watery cytoplasm, the polar head groups will
still be most stable on the outside rather than pushed together.”
o
“Since the gravity is much lower on Mars,
that reduces the constraints on cell size and they are likely to be much bigger
– but still with the charged heads on the outside.”
The building blocks of
nucleic acids are
o
nucleotides.
o
sugars.
o
nitrogenous bases.
o
peptides.
Question 11 of 40
Larger cells function
less effectively because as they increase in size, the surface area to volume
ratio ______________.
o
stays the same
o
increases
o
decreases
Question 12 of 40
NASA has discovered a
lifeform on another planet! They have called you to help them identify what
kind of organism it is. Which features suggest that the lifeform is eukaryotic
rather than prokaryotic? (Select all that apply.)
o
cell wall
o
cell membrane
o
nucleoid
o
Golgi apparatus
o
linear chromosomes
o
nucleus
o
mitochondria
o
plasmids
o
membrane-bound organelles
o
circular DNA
Question 13 of 40
o
True
o
False
Question 14 of 40
The microbiologist Louis
Pasteur invented pasteurization, created vaccines for anthrax and rabies, and
helped explain the germ theory of disease. He is often quoted as saying,
“Chance favors the prepared mind.” A more accurate translation from the French,
however, is “Where observation is concerned, chance favors only the prepared
mind.” What can you conclude about Pasteur’s attitude about the role of chance
in scientific discovery?
o
He thought that observation of something
unique doesn’t do any good if the scientist is not prepared to interpret and
follow up on the chance discovery, due to a habit of studious work.
o
He thought that chance events are only
useful if someone is intelligent enough to understand what happened.
o
He thought that chance is the main
determinant of who is successful in science, so all you can do is hope you get
lucky.
o
He thought you would have to be lucky to
notice a chance event.
Question 15 of 40
If an integrin protein is
mutated what cell function might be affected?
o
communication between cytoskeleton and
proteglycan
o
fluidity of phospholipids
o
cellular motility
o
cytoplasmic communication
Which is an example of a
hypothesis that can explain the observation, flashlight does not work?
o
The batteries are dead or the bulb is
burned out.
o
Replacing the batteries will make the
flashlight work.
o
The batteries are dead.
o
If the bulb is replaced will the
flashlight work?
Question 17 of 40
Consider this hypothesis:
People who drink a lot of
alcohol exhibit amoral behavior.
What is wrong with this
hypothesis? (Select all that apply.)
o Experiments cannot be conducted with people for ethical reasons
o Human behavior is too complex to be studied scientifically.
o “Amoral behavior” is not clearly defined.
Question 18 of 40
Enzymes are catalysts in
reactions. What statements describe functions of enzymes? Select all that
apply.
o
Enzymes are specific in their actions.
o
Once an enzyme binds to a substrate, it
cannot be used again.
o
Enzymes lower the energy of activation
needed for a reaction
o
Enzymes change the amount of free energy
produced
o
Enzyme activity can be affected by
temperature.
_________________ prevent
material from moving in or out of the brain’s capillaries
o
Desmosomes
o
Plasmodesmata’s
o
Gap junctions
o
Tight junctions
Question 20 of 40
Non-competitive
inhibition occurs when
o
a substance binds at the activity site
o
a substance binds on a site away from the
active site
o
denaturing an enzyme
o
increasing the activity of an enzyme
Question 21 of 40
The cell theory states
o
all organisms are composed of multiple
cells, all cells arise spontaneously and all cells require nutrients
o
all cells are the smallest living things,
all organisms are composed of one or more cells and all cells arise
spontaneously
o
all cells will contain DNA, all cells are
the smallest living things that can divide and all organisms are composed of
cells
o
all organisms are composed of one or more
cells, all cells are the smallest living things and all cells arise from other
cells
Carbon-12, Carbon-13, and
Carbon-14 are examples of
o
isomers
o
molecules
o
ions
o
isotopes
o
enantiomers
Question 23 of 40
Cholera kills over
100,000 people each year worldwide due to diarrhea. The cholera toxin opens the
CFTR chloride channel in the intestines, so that sufferers lose chloride,
sodium and massive amounts of water.
On the other hand, the
same CFTR channel is mutated in cystic fibrosis patients. With activity too
LOW, they lack chloride flow and mucus builds up in the lungs.
This illustrates the
importance of precise control of channel opening, known as
____________regulation.
o
gated
o
ungated
o
passive
Question 24 of 40
According to the 2nd law
of thermodynamics,
o
energy transfer increases the disorder of
a system
o
energy transfer creates an ordered system
o
energy transfers decrease entropy
o
energy cannot be created or destroyed
Organisms must use
macromolecules that have properties to match their functional requirements. In
the list below, choose the appropriate macromolecule whose properties meet the
requirement.
A. DNA
B. cellulose
C. RNA
D. starch
E. glycogen
o Requirement:
Strong cell walls
Properties:
Linear polymer rigid and
strong
o
2. Requirement
Stable storage of
information
Properties:
4 base pairs, not easily
hydrolyzed
o
3. Requirement:
Energy storage for seeds
Properties:
Energy-rich
polysaccharides
o
4. Requirement:
Short-term energy storage
(animals)
Properties:
Energy-rich
polysaccharide
o
5. Requirement:
Transient transmission of
information
Properties:
4 base pairs, easily
hydrolysed
Researchers are working
to develop biofuels to free us from dependence on fossil fuels. Based on what
you know about cellulose, what do you predict are the major advantage and the disadvantage of using cellulose-rich plant material as biofuel?
o
There is not much energy in the glycosidic
bonds of cellulose, but at least there is a lot of it.
o
There is not much energy in the peptide
bonds of cellulose, but at least it is very easy to break down
o
The breakdown of cellulose into fructose
is an endergonic reaction, but an enzyme can reverse the equilibrium.
o
Cellulose is very difficult to break down
into glucose, but it contains a lot of energy.
Question 27 of 40
Researchers are working
to develop biofuels to free us from dependence on fossil fuels. Based on what
you know about cellulose, what do you predict are the major advantage and the disadvantage of using cellulose-rich plant material as biofuel?
o
There is not much energy in the glycosidic
bonds of cellulose, but at least there is a lot of it.
o
There is not much energy in the peptide
bonds of cellulose, but at least it is very easy to break down
o
The breakdown of cellulose into fructose
is an endergonic reaction, but an enzyme can reverse the equilibrium.
o
Cellulose is very difficult to break down
into glucose, but it contains a lot of energy.
Question 28 of 40
In biological
macromolecules like proteins, the hydrophobic residues tend to clump together
in the interior of the folded structure. What is the best explanation for why Does this occurs?
o
Hydrophobic residues bind each other,
while polar residues cannot bind each other. Therefore the hydrophobic ones end
up stuck to each other in the core of the protein.
o
Hydrophobic residues bind to each other in
specific ways. For instance, Ala forms di-methyl bonds, and phenylalanine binds
isoleucine. This creates a tightly bound hydrophobic inner core.
o
Protein folding machinery interprets the
amino acid code to pack hydrophobic residues into the center of proteins. This
process must be important because the cell expends large amounts of ATP to
precisely coordinate protein folding.
o
Polar residues tend to bind to water in
the cytoplasm as well as to each other. The water and polar residues cannot
bind to the hydrophobic ones, so in the lowest energy state the hydrophobic
residues are pushed together in the middle.
Question 29 of 40
Why does water boil at a higher temperature than butter, which is non-polar?
o
breaking of hydrogen bonds requires a lot
of energy
o
removing hydrogen from the liquid requires
a lot of energy
o
energy is used to cool the water as it
undergoes from liquid to gas
o
energy is consumed to form a hydrogen bond
Question 30 of 40
Which statements describe
sodium atoms? Select all that apply.
o
has 2 electrons in the first energy level
o outer energy level is stable
o
forms cations
o
easily forms covalent bonds
o
closest to the left side of the periodic
table
o
contains 1 valence electron
o
can lose one electron easily
When phospholipids are
placed in water, why does a bilayer form?
o
The fatty acid tails are forced together
away from the water, and water can create hydrogen bonds with the phosphate
heads.
o
The polar tails will be attracted to the
water and the nonpolar heads will be attracted to each other.
o
Lipids are hydrophilic and will from
hydrogen bonds with the water, forcing the hydrophobic heads towards the middle
of the bilayer.
o
Phospholipids are naturally attracted to
each other, forcing phosphate heads to face the aqueous areas.
Question 32 of 40
What is the pathway in
which a protein moves through the endomembrane system?
o
rough ER, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER,
transport vesicle, plasma membrane
o
plasma membrane, transport vesicle, Golgi
apparatus, rough ER
o
rough ER, Golgi apparatus, transport
vesicle, plasma membrane
o
smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, transport
vesicle, plasma membrane
Question 33 of 40
What statement(s)
describes a concentration gradient?
o
Extracellular fluid contains 13.5 mmol of
calcium, and 9 mmol of calcium is in the plasma.
o
Oxygen in blood plasma is .31 per 100 ml.
Oxygen carried with hemoglobin is .69 per 100 ml.
o
Red blood cells cytoplasm contains a 0.9%
salt solution. The extracellular fluid is 1.0%.
o
The temperature inside the car is 39
degrees Celsius and the temperature outside the care is 39 degree Celsius.
What is an example of
potential energy? Select all that apply.
o
light
o
concentration gradients
o
sound
o
heat
o
energy in chemical bonds
Question 35 of 40
Normal (homeostatic) pH
level of blood serum’s pH is around 7.4. Carbonic acid is released in the blood
to help maintain a pH that has high hydroxyl levels. This would cause pH to
change from
o
basic to acidic
o
basic to neutral
o
neutral to basic
o
acidic to 7.4
o
basic to 7.4
Question 36 of 40
What is the function of
cholesterol in plasma membranes?
o
regulates pH
o
regulates fluidity
o
promotes atherosclerosis
o
allows ions to pass
Question 37 of 40
When the solute
concentration in solution 1 is lower than the solute concentration in solution
2, solution 2 is
o
isotonic
o
hypotonic
o
hypertonic
2NO2 ↔ N2O4
o
irreversible reaction
o
reversible reaction
o
reactant
o
product
o
enzymatic reaction
Question 39 of 40
What are actin filaments?
o
Interconnected membranous sacs of a cell.
o
Darkened areas in the nucleus of a cell.
o
Modified plasma membranes of a cell.
o
Cytoskeletal structures of a cell.
Question 40 of 40
The organism would likely
use molecules with
_____________ bonds. It
might use two separate molecules, one serving as a rapidly utilizable energy
currency and another molecule serving as long-term energy storage
o
high energy
o
low energy
o
hydrogen
o
electrostatic
USA 
India