PHIL 300 Week 5 Quiz 1

PHIL 300 Week 5 Quiz 1 | Los Rios Community College District Office

EXAM #1

Question 1

Match each definition on the left to its term on the right.  Note: there are more terms given than definitions!

·         the search for wisdom regarding fundamental questions about the universe and about human existence            

·         a process in which one person tries to help another reach greater understanding of a topic by asking a series of questions            

·         an argument for the existence of God based on some obvious and pervasive feature of the universe            

·         a defense of God as all-good and all-powerful, despite the existence of evil in the world            

·         the agent that brings something into being or imparts change             

·         the argument that the very concept or definition of God implies that God exists             

·         a legendary artist, inventor, and artisan, whose statues were said to be so lifelike that they moved             

·         the study of truths about God that can be known by reflecting on nature             

·         an argument that God must exist because things in nature act for a goal, or because the universe as a whole shows design             

·         realities corresponding to general concepts or terms

Question 2

According to Russell, what have many persons under the influence of science or practical affairs thought about philosophy?  

·         it deals in hair-splitting distinctions  

·         it is useless trifling  

·         it concerns matters for which knowledge is impossible  

·         all of these choices

Question 3

For Russell, how does the impartiality of philosophical contemplation carry over into the world of action and emotion?  

·         in justice and universal love 

·         in democracy and individualism  

·         in socialism and anger  

·         in justice and patriotism

Question 4

For Russell, what is the "chief value" of philosophy?  

·         the greatness of the figures who make up its history  

·         the greatness of the objects which philosophy contemplates  

·         the pompousness of the individuals who pursue philosophy  

·         the academic rigor with which the study of philosophy is associated

Question 5

According to Russell, what kind of knowledge does philosophy seek to obtain?  

·         all of these choices  

·         the kind of knowledge which gives unity and system to the body of the sciences  

·         the kind of knowledge which results from a critical examination of the grounds of our beliefs  

·         the kind of knowledge which results from a critical examination of the grounds of our convictions and prejudices

Question 6

According to Bertrand Russell, how do the goods that philosophy seeks to achieve differ from those goods that physical science seeks to achieve?  

·         the goods of philosophy have a physical effect on people, while the goods of science have a spiritual effect on people  

·         the goods of philosophy have an indirect effect on people, while the goods of science have a direct effect on people   

·         the goods of philosophy benefit everyone equally, while the goods of science benefit a select few  

·         there are no goods that result from philosophy, while science has several goods

Question 7

According to Euthyphro, which part of justice is piety?  

·         the part that is concerned with the care of the environment 

·         the part that is concerned with the care of the economy  

·         the part that is concerned with the care of humanity  

·         the part that is concerned with care of the gods

Question 8

Why is Euthyphro going to the king archon's court?  

·         to prosecute his father for impiety  

·         to prosecute Socrates for impiety  

·         to watch an Athenian civil trial take place  

·         to defend Socrates from the accusations of impiety

Question 9

According to Euthyphro, about what kinds of things do the gods disagree?  

·         the beautiful  

·         all of these choices  

·         the just 

·         the good

Question 10

Socrates argues that piety and what is loved by all the gods are:  

·         practically the same thing  

·         essentially the same thing  

·         not the same thing  

·         experienced by humans as being the same thing

Question 11

How does Socrates suggest Euthyphro might help him in his case against Meletus?  

·         Euthyphro could speak in Socrates's defense 

·         Euthyphro could teach Socrates about religious matters   

·         Euthyphro could teach Socrates about the art of rhetoric  

·         Euthyphro could persuade Meletus to drop his charges

Question 12

What does Euthyphro say he means by "care of the gods"?  

·         worshiping the gods 

·         improving the gods  

·         serving the gods  

·         benefiting the gods

Question 13

In several parts of his Proslogion and in his exchange with Gaunilo, Anselm claims not only that God exists, but that God _____________ exists.  

·         necessarily  

·         temporally  

·         dependently  

·         finitely

Question 14

Anselm argues that for God to exist in the understanding is greater than for God to exist in reality.  

·         True  

·         False

Question 15

In Gaunilo's reply to Anselm, he uses the example of a __________ to object to Anselm's proof.  

·         malicious demon  

·         corrupted soul 

·         lost island 

·         law of nature

Question 16

Anselm contends that God is whatever it is better to be than not to be.  

·         True 

·         False

Question 17

Anselm believes God to be something than which nothing greater can be thought.  

·         True  

·         False

Question 18

According to Aquinas, why can't a sensible object be the efficient cause of itself?  

·         because no sensible objects have efficient causes  

·         because it would make God's activity meaningless 

·         because it would violate the rule of simplicity  

·         because it would have to pre-exist itself, which is impossible

Question 19

What example does Aquinas give to illustrate his point about motion?  

·         the heat in fire  

·         the cold in ice  

·         the wave on a beach 

·         the spin of an electron

Question 20

How does Aquinas describe motion?  

·         a change from potentiality to actuality  

·         molecular energy

·         acceleration through space 

·         a change from one point in space to another point

Question 21

According to Aquinas, what is the more evident way that God's existence can be proven?  

·         through a consideration of motion  

·         through a consideration of possibility and necessity  

·         through a consideration of perfection   

·         through a consideration of efficient causes

Question 22

Paley describes a scenario where he stumbles upon a certain object to infer that there must have been a maker of that object.  What "discovered object" does he describe?  

·         a hammer  

·         a phone  

·         a watch  

·         a dinosaur bone

Question 23

What conclusion does Paley draw from his comparison of the eye and a telescope?  

·         the telescope was made by humans, but the eye was not made by anything or anyone  

·         the telescope was made for vision, while the eye was made assisting the telescope  

·         the eye was made for vision, while the telescope was made for assisting the eye  

·         they are made upon different principles of the transmission and refraction of light

Question 24

Paley believes that the imperfections in creatures are a strong indication of imperfections in the Creator.  

·         True 

·         False

Question 25

Paley believes that if the discovered object malfunctioned from time to time, we would be less likely to believe that it had a designer.  

·         True  

·         False

Question 26

According to Paley, the basic feature which would lead us to believe that the discovered object had a maker is:  

·         that it is beautiful and shiny  

·         that it bears a "Made by" logo on the bottom  

·         that it malfunctions from time to time  

·         that its parts all function for a single purpose

Question 27

What position is common to all three responses to the problem of evil that Hick discusses?  

·         mysticism  

·         transcendental idealism  

·         the free-will defense  

·         metaphysical dualism

Question 28

For biblical faith, providing an adequate answer to the problem of evil means that evil cannot be:  

·         real  

·         an illusion   

·         understood  

·         widespread

Question 29

The "basic criticism" of the Augustinian theory (originally stated by Schleiermacher) holds that:  

·         a flawless creation would never go wrong  

·         creatures don't actually have free will  

·         a just God cannot impose eternal rewards or punishments for earthly sins  

·         God didn't, in fact, create the universe

Question 30

How is "evil" defined, according to Augustine?  

·         the malfunctioning of something that is in itself good  

·         the presence of pain and the absence of pleasure  

·         the only fundamentally real thing there is  

·         the corrupted intentions of the deity

Question 31

According to Augustine, what is the source of all evil in the world? 

·         random conditions in the world 

·         greed  

·         God's evil intentions 

·         the misuse of creaturely freedom

Question 32

According to Augustine, natural evils (like disease and natural disasters) are: 

·         caused by the devil  

·         unrelated to human sin  

·         punishments for sin 

·         symbols of God's vengeance

Question 33

According to the Irenaean response, there are five stages of the creation of the human race. 

·         True 

·         False

Question 34

According to St. Irenaeus, evil is inevitable when the world is understood as a place for:  

·         waiting for judgment 

·         soul making 

·         suffering 

·         pleasure seeking

Question 35

According to Irenaeus, in the first stage of the creation of humans, God made humans:  

·         morally complete beings 

·         fully mature beings  

·         perfect beings  

·         imperfect beings

Question 36

For Irenaeus, the second stage of creation involves human transforming themselves into:  

·         self-sufficient individuals  

·         children of God  

·         supramoral beings 

·         natural, beast-like animals

Question 37

According to process theology, the two maximum kinds of evil are _____________ and _______________.  

·         discord and needless triviality 

·         boredom and ugliness

·         uncertainty and complexity 

·         pain and suffering

 Question 38

According to process theodicy, how is the reality of evil in the world measured? 

·         by the selfish intentions of human beings 

·         by the badness in human actions  

·         by the extent to which God's will is thwarted by human freedom 

·         by the number of souls in hell

Question 39

According to process theology, the universe is not created by God but contains God. 

·         True 

·         False

Question 40

Process theology agrees with traditional Christian theology that God has unlimited power.  

·         True 

·         False

Question 41

According to Pascal, why is reason incapable of deciding whether God exists?  

·         because reason can neither prove that God exists nor that God doesn't exist 

·         because an infinite distance separates us from God  

·         all of the above  

·         because humans are finite and reason is limited

Question 42

In describing the possible losses we should expect in wagering, what does Pascal mean by a "finite stake"? 

·         one's personal property 

·         a moderate sum of money

·         an uncertain gain 

·         one's life

Question 43

Pascal diagnoses the inability to believe as arising from one's:  

·         reading corrupt literature  

·         passions  

·         ignorance 

·         childhood upbringing

Question 44

What does Pascal recommend for those who simply cannot believe even if they are convinced by the wager?  

·         behaving as if they truly believed  

·         seeking justification in science  

·         going through the wager thought-experiment again  

·         reviewing the proofs for God

Question 45

According to Pascal, why is it better to "wager" that God exists than that he doesn't exist?  

·         because the life of the true believer is full of intoxicating pleasures  

·         because the best science of the day was still highly doubtful  

·         because if God exists, the gain of believing outweighs the loss of not  

·         because the Christian faith demands it

Question 46

What does Pascal's "wager" about God seek to establish?  

·         that a person shouldn't believe in God

·         that God is an infinite being  

·         that God's existence is obvious

·         that a person should believe in God