Argument from ignorance
Affirming a disjunct
·
A or B; A; therefore
not B. To be on the cover of Vogue Magazine, one must be a celebrity or very
beautiful. This month's cover was a celebrity. Therefore, this celebrity is not
very beautiful.
Affirming the
consequent
·
if A, then B; B,
therefore A. If Bill Gates owns Fort Knox, then he is rich. Bill Gates is rich.
Therefore, Bill Gates owns Fort Knox.
Denying the antecedent
·
if A, then B; not A,
therefore not B. If it is raining, then the grass is wet. It is not raining.
Therefore, the grass is not wet.
Appeal to probability
·
Something can go
wrong. Therefore, something will go wrong.
Argument from fallacy
·
All cats are animals.
Ginger is an animal. Therefore, Ginger is a cat. You have just fallaciously
affirmed the consequent. You are incorrect. Therefore, Ginger is not a cat.
Base rate fallacy
·
John is a man who
wears gothic inspired clothing, has long black hair, and listens to death
metal. How likely is it that he is a Christian and how likely is it that he is
a Satanist?
Conjunction fallacy
·
Linda is 31 years old,
single, outspoken, and very bright. She majored in philosophy. As a student,
she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice, and
also participated in anti-nuclear demonstrations. Which is more probable? Linda
is a bank teller, or Linda is a bank teller and is active in the feminist
movement.
Epistemic fallacy
·
Lois Lane believes
that Superman can fly. Lois Lane does not believe that Clark Kent can fly.
Therefore Superman and Clark Kent are not the same person. NOTE: knowing is not
certain like being.
Existential fallacy
·
One example would be:
"Everyone in the room is pretty and smart". It does not imply that
there is a pretty, smart person in the room, because it does not state that there
is a person in the room.
Argument from
ignorance
·
"There is no
evidence of aliens, and therefore, aliens do not exist"
USA 
India