Subterranean informal and unofficial aspects of culture
Socialization
·
the process by which
people learn to participate in group life; the process extends throughout our
entire lives
desocialization
·
the process of
relinquishing old norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
resocialization
·
the process of
learning to adopt new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
anticipatory socialization
·
the process of
preparing oneself for learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
agents of
socialization
·
the people and groups
that influence our self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behavior; family,
education, religion, peer groups, mass media
self concept
·
image of one self as
an entity separate from other people
Charles Cooley &
George Mead
·
they were the
originators of symbolic interactionism (looking glass self and self-concept,
significant others, role taking)
looking glass self
·
a self concept based
on our perception of others' judgments of us
significant others
·
those whose judgments
are most important to our self concept; may include mother, father, teacher,
husband, etc...
imitation stage
·
this stage begins
around age one and a half to two years, the child imitates (without
understanding) the physical and verbal behavior of a significant other
play stage
·
the stage during which
children take on roles of others one at a time
game stage
·
the stage in which
children learn to engage in more sophisticated role taking
the self is composed
of two analytically separate parts:
·
"me" and
"I"
Me
·
the part of the self
formed through socialization; accounts for predictability and conformity; the
socialized part of the self
I
·
the spontaneous and
unpredictable part of the self
reference group
·
people we use as a
standard for self evaluation
peer group
·
consists of
individuals are roughly the same age and have similar interests
personality
·
the relatively
organized complex of attitudes, beliefs, values, and behaviors associated with
an individual
role taking
·
the process that
allows us to takethe viewpoint of another individual and then respond to
ourselves from that imagined viewpoint
Theoretical
perspectives of socialization
·
functionalism,
conflict theory, symbolic interactionism
functionalism
·
stresses how
socialization contributes to a stable society
conflict theory
·
views socialization as
a way for the powerful to keep things the same
symbolic interactionism
·
holds that
socialization is the major determinant of human nature
the 3 parts of
personality according to Freud
·
id,, ego, superego
id
·
made up of
biologically inherited urges, impulses, and desires; it is selfish, irrational,
impulsive, antisocial, and unconscious
ego
·
the conscious,
rational part of the personality that thinks, plans, and decides; ruled by the
reality of principle
superego
·
it contains all the
"right" and wrong" ideas that we have learned from those close
to us
the four stages of
cognitive development
‘
·
sensorimotor stage,
preoperational stage, concrete operational stage, formal operational stage
sensorimotor stage
·
the stage where the
basis for thought is laid; ages birth - 2
preoperational stage
·
the stage where
children learn to think symbolically and to use language; ages 2-7
concrete operation
stage
·
the stage when the
child begins to think logically about time, quantity, and space; ages 7-11
formal operations
stage
·
the stage where
children learn to think without the aid of concrete objects and manipulations;
they can begin to think in terms of abstract ideas and principles
hidden curriculum
·
the subterranean
informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught as
preparation for life in the larger society
mass media
·
means of communication
designed to reach the general population
continuity theory
·
this theory presumes
that most aging people maintain consistency with their past lives and use their
life experiences to intentionally continue developing in self-determined
channels
hospices
·
organizations designed
to provide support for the dying and their families
social class
·
refers to a segment of
a population whose members have a relatively similar share of society's
desirable things and who share attitudes, values, norms, and an identifiable
lifestyle
the functions of the
mass media
·
provides valuable info
regarding events inside and outside of society, 2) promotes social continuity
and integration, 3) provides entertainment, 4) explains and interprets meanings
of events and information, 5) helps mobilize society
ideology
·
a set of ideas used to
justify and defend the interests and actions of those in power in a society
power elite
·
a unified coalition of
top military, corporate, and government leaders
Charles Horton Cooley
·
Looking glass self-3
stages: 1.We imagine how we appear to those around us.
2. We interpret other's reactions.
3. We develop a self-concept
Looking-glass self
·
Is a process in which
our sense of self develops.
I am not what i think i am.
I am not what you think i am.
I am what i think you think i am.
Id
·
inborn drives that
cause us to seek self-gratification. (attention, safety, food, sex, etc)
Ego
·
The balance act
between the id and the demands of society that suppress it.
Superego
·
Third component of
personality, more commonly called the conscience. represents culture within us.
(Norms and values)
Jean Piget
·
Cognitive development:
the sensorimotor stage, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage, and
the formal operational stage.
Sensorimoter Stage
·
(0-2)-infant does not
think (direct contact with environment.
Preoperational stage
·
(2-7)- child develops
the ability to use symbols. (doesn't understand concepts like size, speed, or
causation)
Concrete Operational
Stage
·
(7-12)-reasoning
abilities are more developed
Formal Operational
Stage
·
(12+)-capability of
abstract thinking is developed at this age. (Meaning of actions and
concepts-truth, right wrong).
Resocialization
·
The process pf
learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behavior
Resocialization
·
The process pf
learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behavior
Anticipatory
Socialization
·
Learning to play a
role before entering it.
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