mgt 303 Chapter 4
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- 18 May 2022
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mgt 303 Chapter 4
Why use theories?
-Managers develop their own theories about how they should run
their organizations
Why study history?
Classical Management Perspective
-Concerned with improving the performance of individual workers
-Grew out of the industrial revolutions labor shortage at the
beginning of the 20th century
-Theory that focuses on managing a total organization instead of
individuals
-Replaced rule of thumb methods with scientifically based work
methods to eliminate soldering
-Used time studies, standards planning, exception rule, slide
rules, instruction cards and piece work pay systems to control and motivate
employees
-Reduced the number of movements in brick laying resulting in
increased output of 200%
-Developed the giant chart to improve working efficiency through
planning and scheduling
-Advocated job specialization in both management and operating
jobs
-Helped to systemize the practice of management
-Was first to identify the specific management functions of
planning, organizing, leading, and controlling
USA 
India