Relation between Global Hunger Index and Unemployment

Unemployment is a state where capable youths and adults are actively searching for employment and are unable to find work in order to maintain a healthy economy. When there arises a lack in the availability of opportunities for the people it could lead to a serious fall in the health and development of the economy and the country in turn. Unemployment often negatively affects the household food security status. The high unemployment rate among the low-income populations makes it highly difficult to make ends meet. The current scenario of many of the developing and underdeveloped countries has been something like this (Von Grebmer et al., 2016). It has become more difficult to meet household needs which are leading to higher food insecurity. In many of the South Asian countries and African countries, the mortality rate is increasing which is linked to unemployment and inability to meet basic needs.

In the United States and also in other higher-income countries hunger is caused by unemployment. The prime cause of the hunger increase across the globe is linked to unemployment or underemployment. Moreover, the recent pandemic COVID-19 has challenged global employment, which has made the situation go worse. For example, the employment rate in Canada has fallen by 13% (Otekunrin et al., 2018).  This is causing food insecurity in the households and is bound to experience increased hardship among multiple families across the globe. According to the research as per the opinion of Roser & Ritchie, (2019), most of the families who frequently visit pantries are primarily seeking food assistance as a part of their long-term strategy to supplement the fall in their monthly food budget. Therefore, it could be said that a rise in employment opportunities across the globe especially in the developing countries or underdeveloped countries will give a boost in the fall of hunger rating of the Global Hunger Index. With the increase in employment, the hunger index will fall.

Relation between Global Hunger Index and amount of Rainfall

Climate has a huge role to play in this case as the constant change in the global climatic change is leading to a shortage in the production of raw foods to meet the huge demand. The extreme weather conditions and the constant change in the climate have challenged agriculture production which is leading to a fall in the annual production of foods. The most food-insecure countries which are responsible for the last generation of global greenhouse gas emission are facing the wrath of the disaster. The constant global calamities are challenging the agricultural countries and crop production is constantly falling. This is leading to a lack of availability of food for the people belonging to the poor class and below the poverty line (Sinha et al., 2018). The global hunger index is rising with the rise of the environmental imbalance.

Moreover, the governments are also taking fewer actions to address the issues and meet the global demand, which is worsening the case. According to the latest report from UNO, the corn yield will decrease by 7.4 percent with every degree Celsius of warming. Even a 2 degree Celsius change in the environment could affect the temperature and will have a major influence on the production of staple crops. This is the actual reason for the food scarcity and fall in the annual production of agriculture and livestock raising (Palienko & Lyulyov, 2018). One of the prime reasons for the increasing global hunger index all across the developing and underdeveloped countries is the fall in crop production. According to Mukuka & Mofu (2016), excessive rainfall or scarcity is both equally challenging to deal with, as for the reason that most of the developing countries have poor systems of irrigation facilities. However, to tackle the situation most of the countries are increasingly adopting new measures to manage the impact on rainfall. New agricultural practices and livestock rising are helping to cope up and improve climate change resiliency.

Relation between Global Hunger Index and Agricultural output/ harvest

Intense floods and drought could destroy the harvest; this drives up the food prices and also limits the availability of the foods. The extreme change in the weather makes the huger index rise up especially in the countries which totally depend on agriculture. As per Mahadevan & Hoang, (2016), South Africa is the country that often faces such factors which destroy the harvest and damage the agricultural infrastructure and housing. The environmental changes are linked with agricultural output which leads to a hunger index rise. As in most of the poor countries and also in many of the agricultural countries the availability of modernized technologies and irrigation systems is lacking which makes the situation worse. According to the latest report, the annual harvest has fallen by 2.2 % due to different climatic calamities which causes food scarcity and malnutrition. For example, during the early days of the Nigerian famine in the year 2005, it costs $1 per day for a child to prevent acute malnutrition when the early warning sign has been acknowledged (Omotayo, 2017). During the emergency operation in the year 2006, the cost has increased to $80 per malnourished child. These are the gruesome aftermath of the natural calamities and lack of harvest and agricultural output. There is an indirect relation between the harvest and hunger index. With the rise in the agricultural harvest, the global hunger index will fall and vice versa in the opposite case (Rashid & Razak, 2016).

Relation between Global Hunger Index and Foreign aid received

Providing aid stimulates the growth in the world economy especially the developing and underdeveloped countries. It can help in promoting market expansion. Providing aid to the countries could mean an expansion of the resources and the goods which can be shared among the countries. Aids help boosts up and encourages industrial development that helps create employment and improve transport infrastructure. According to Nwalie, (2017), this benefits the employees and the employer as well by developing the natural resources and power supplies. Therefore, the foreign aid received by the developing countries could lead to a fall in the global hunger index with the rise of employment opportunities. The south African countries receive huge financial assistance annually which causes some relief to the hunger problem. Last year the concerned country received the aid of $ 116 million (Mabuza, Ortmann & Wale, 2016). This often helps in education and employment opportunities that help the people to receive employment. The education system has improved which offers a scope of development and also enhances the employment scope and generation of employment has risen by 21% from the year 2001 to 2021.

However, it is also true that the country and also other developing countries which focus on foreign aids are highly challenged due to the outbreak of the pandemic as the financial assistance has been curtailed that brought in a crunch in the economy and development. Therefore it could be said that foreign direct investment has a role to play with the global hunger index. With a fall in foreign financial assistance, the hunger index rises, due to a fall in economic assistance. The governments of the concerned organisations are also highly dependent upon providing food assistance to the people belonging below the poverty line, which causes the hunger level to rise (Joshi et al., 2019). Due to the pandemic, the global hunger graph has risen and the position of the developing countries has fallen. The South African countries ranked 60th out of 107 countries with sufficient data to carry out the calculation with 2020 GHI scores.

Relation between Global Hunger Index and population workforce

Population workforce is the level of people available in the country who are the actual working force of the country. With the increasing rise in workforce availability, global hunger falls, as employment eliminates the basic needs of the people. The total number of employees on an employer’s payroll is the actual employment level of a particular country. As the scope and the employment level of a country increase, it would help the country to fall down in the global hunger index. It has been seen from surveys that the developing countries and the underdeveloped countries have a huge non-working or dependent force, which actually creates issues in developing the living standard of the people. As per Gödecke, Stein & Qaim, (2018), the more the dependent population the more pressure will be on the earning members to make the ends meet. mostly the South Asian countries and the South African countries are the ones that get highly affected with increase in the development population as the hunger graph rises. Therefore, it could be said that in order to make a country climb down the global hunger index it must force more of its population to engage in employment.  

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