ANT 202 Week 3 Quiz

ANT 202 Week 3 Quiz | Assignment Help | University Of Phoenix 

ANT 202 Week 3 Quiz | Assignment Help | University Of Phoenix

1. The first evidence of early human subsistence strategies comes from:

a.   archaeological sites with Acheulean hand axes and evidence of butchering.

b.   archaeological sites with Oldowan tools and stone cut marks overlying animal chew marks on bones.

c.   archaeological sites with projectile points and fire hearths.

d.   archaeological sites in the Mediterranean and Europe where Oldowan tools are found.

2. The neo evolutionary model of culture developed by Elman Service is characterized by:

a.   socio cultural stages of development based on degree of economic specialization.

b.   evolutionary stages of development based on technological types.

c.   evolutionary stages of development based on levels of political organization.

d.   socio cultural stages of development based on subsistence patterns.

3.  What type of evidence is used to analyze the evolutionary model of human cultural adaptations?

a.   Ethnographical and ethnological data

b.   Historical and descriptive linguistic data

c.   Optimal foraging data

d.   Carrying capacity data

4.   The word technology, as used by anthropologists, means:

a.   how machines affect human evolution.

b.   the tools, knowledge, and skills used by humans.

c.   the mechanical skills acquired through enculturation.

d.   the cars, computers, and machines used by humans.

5.         The primary function(s) of technology include the following:

a.   creating leisure time.

b.   the procurement of food, water and shelter.

c.   making more efficient use of time.

d.   aid groups in communication and contact.

6.         Foragers are organized into groups called: 

a.   bands.

b.   tribes.

c.   chiefdoms.

d.   hunter-gatherers.

7.  Which foraging group relies most heavily on the gathering of wild plant foods?

a.   Haida, North America

b.   Mbuti, Africa

c.   Caribou Inuit, North America

d.   Dobe Ju/'hoansi, Africa

8.         Foraging societies such as the Haida of the North Pacific Coast make the creation of evolutionary paradigms difficult because they do not meet all of the criteria of the model. In the case of the Haida, this is because they:

a.   are sedentary.

b.   are partly horticulturalists.

c.   are nomadic for only half of the year.

d.   hunt but do not forage.

9.         A society is called "egalitarian" when its members have equal access to:

a.   status, wealth, and power within the same age group.

b.   status and wealth.

c.   status and power within the same kin group.

d.   the same status through balanced reciprocity.

10.       A societal type common in foraging groups and marked by egalitarian social structure and lack of specialization is a:

a.   band.

b.   tribe.

c.   chiefdom.

d.   state.

11.       The concept of carrying capacity refers to:

a.   the amount of food foragers can locate in their territory.

b.   the ability of an ecological niche to support a particular organism.

c.   conclusions drawn from optimal foraging models.

d.   the ability of the patrilocal band to care for its members.

12.       Low energy budgets are associated with:

a.   foragers.

b.   horticulturalists.

c.   pastoralists.

d.   agriculturalists.

13.       Key elements of the sociocultural adaptive strategies held in common by hunter-gatherers-foragers include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a.   market economy.

b.   kinship structure.

c.   type of leadership.

d.   economic reciprocity.

14.       A primary advantage of using the evolutionary-ecological model is that:

a.   it allows comparisons of cultures with similar subsistence strategies.

b.   similar subsistence strategies will have similar sociocultural adaptations.

c.   it allows comparisons of cultures from different parts of the world.

d.   all of the choices apply.

15.       This anthropologist identified categories of economic reciprocity.

a.   E.B. Tylor

b.   Elman Service

c.   Julian Steward

d.   Marshall Sahlins

16.       In the evolutionary-ecological model of societal development, the various "stages" are viewed as:

a.   discreet well defined stages.

b.   points along a continuum.

c.   hypothetical stages only.

d.   supported by optimal foraging paradigms.

17.       In the eastern part of North America, the earliest horticultural societies were based on:

a.   corn, beans, and squash.

b.   zea maize and squash.

c.   wheat, corn, and beans.

d.   chenopodium and other seeds.

18.       The Yanomamo tribe of Venezuela and Brazil are horticulturalists that rely on gardens for what percentage of their food?

a.   About 20 percent

b.   Less than 50 percent

c.   About 60 percent

d.   More than 80 percent

19.       What type of subsistence strategy is based on simple crop production without the benefit of cultivation or irrigation?

a.   Foraging

b.   Agriculture

c.   Horticulture

d.   Pastoralism

20.       In addition to their distinctive subsistence strategies, horticulturalists are characterized by what features?

a.   Small population and low energy budget

b.   Large population and land ownership

c.   Large population and good nutrition

d.   High energy budget and a loose division of labor

21.       Horticulturalists have poorer nutrition than foragers because:

a.   their vitamin and mineral intakes are reduced.

b.   they suffer from protein deficiency owing to lack of meat.

c.   they live in crowded conditions and do not get enough to eat.

d.   they have to work harder.

22.       Agriculturally based societies are primarily associated with the following economic institution(s):

a.   generalized reciprocity.

b.   market exchange.

c.   redistribution and market exchange.

d.   negative reciprocity and market exchange.

23.       A societal type that is marked by an egalitarian social structure based on horticultural and pastoral economies is called a:

a.   band.

b.   tribe.

c.   chiefdom.

d.   state.

24.       A societal type with a hereditary leader, social stratification, and redistributive economy is called a:

a.   band.

b.   tribe.

c.   chiefdom.

d.   dictatorship.

25.       A society based on the herding of animals where herds are moved to seasonal pastures is known as:

a.   nomadic pastoralism.

b.   transhumance.

c.   sedentary pastoralism.

d.   mixed agriculture.

26.       Agriculture as a subsistence strategy is based primarily on the use of:

a.   slash-and-burn.

b.   tractors and swidden methods.

c.   sharecropping and slash-and-burn techniques.

d.   fertilizers and irrigation.

27.       "Money" became important in state societies because the state needed:

a.   to be able to exchange goods with other societies.

b.   to minimize the differences between social classes.

c.   a portable, impersonal medium of exchange.

d.   a mechanism to unify the society.

28.       The production maximization model of intensive agriculture strives to maximize production through:

a.   maintaining crop genetic diversity.

b.   growing folk varieties of crops.

c.   maintaining soil fertility without chemical fertilizers.

d.   growing genetically engineered varieties and using chemical fertilizers.

29.       The positive side of sustainable agriculture includes all of these, EXCEPT it:

a.   helps traditional cultures maintain their local communities.

b.   maintains soil fertility.

c.   increases food costs.

d.   may provide better nutrition.

30.       The domestication of animals such as goats and sheep resulted in major changes in all of these aspects of society, EXCEPT:

a.   nuclear family structure.

b.   systems of economic exchange.

c.   social organization.

d.   the division of labor.