HSA 535 PART I FINAL EXAM 100 % CORRECT

HSA 535 PART I FINAL EXAM
1 HIV the virus that causes AIDS is currently a ____

2 Reproductive health studies ____


3 Social epidemiology studies ____

4 For chronic diseases, the time between exposure and symptoms is called the ____ period, which can range from a few months to many years.

5 The aspect of consistency means that ____.

6  While Austin Bradford Hill is well-known for his work in developing guidelines for establishing causality for studies of non-infectious diseases, his other contributions to the field of epidemiology and ____ are remarkable.


7 The number of existing cases of disease  divided by the population is known as ____.

8 By definition, the disease or condition used to identify a case is determined by the ____.

9 A proportion measured over a period of time is known as a ____.

10 A(n) ____ is an infected individual capable of transmitting disease during and after clinical disease

11 ____ is the transmission of a disease from mother to child during pregnancy or delivery.

12 How many new cases of HIV infection were reported in the United States for the year 2009?

13 In an outbreak, a ____ is the quickest study to complete because the investigator usually has access to a group of cases from the outbreak itself.

14 One of the most common errors in an outbreak investigation is the failure to ____.

15 Once the population at risk has been identified, it- finally time to develop a(n) ____ about the suspected cause of the outbreak and then test it

16 Which first generation vaccine was introduced in 1935?

17 Anthrax is caused by ____.

18 Antibodies and immunoglobulins are protein molecules produced by what type of white blood cells?


19 As the incidence and mortality of infectious diseases declined from the early 1900s onwards, the incidence of cardiovascular disease ____.

20 The blood vessels that branch off the aorta and supply the heart muscle are called ____.

21 It is now well documented that atherosclerosis, or “hardening of the arteries,” has its beginning in ____ and therefore the public health emphasis on prevention and public policies need to focus on earlier intensive interventions.

22 The non-melanomatous are the ____ type of skin cancers.

23 What is the most common type of cancer in men?

24 Exposure to carcinogens is a significant risk factor for cancer. What is the most studied carcinogen?

25 Prevalence of diabetes varies greatly among different ethnic groups. What group has the highest prevalence?

26 Insulin is a hormone produced by specialized cells, the ____ cells, in the islets of ____ of the ____.

27 Genetic manipulation is an area under investigation for the treatment of diabetes. One genetic focus is using ____ to produce insulin for use in persons with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

28 Although access to up-to-date computer systems is essential, what is the major barrier to setting up and maintaining health data in developing countries?


29 Although the life expectancy for most developing countries is lower than for developed countries, much of the excess mortality is due to ____ mortality and ____ mortality rather than diseases of old age.


30 Although malaria, spread by mosquitoes, occurs worldwide, 90% of all cases are found mostly among children in what region?