Physics Lab 7 Nuclear Processes

Physics Lab 7 Nuclear Processes

Physics Lab 7
Nuclear Processes
Goal: To better understand natural/artificial transmutation and nuclear fission.
Part A: Alpha Decay
Start by opening the PhET model “Alpha Decay”. Make sure that you first start by clicking on the single atom
tab.
1. Observe the decay of Po-211. Write a nuclear equation for the decay of Polonium-211.
211
84 4
Po → 207
82 Pb + 2 He 2. What has to happen within the nucleus in order for an atom of Polonium-211 to decay?
It has to become unstable and produce radioactive isotopes. This will in turn cause the
nuclei to decay and release radioactive radiation The half-life of Po-211 is approximately 500 ms (half a second). Without using the PhET model, sketch a pie
graph indicating the number of undecayed Po-211 atoms for a reaction starting with 100 total atoms. t= 0.5s
t=1.0s
t=1.5s
t=2s
Now, simulate the decay of 100 Po-211 atoms by adding 100 atoms from the “Bucket o’ Polonium”. Sketch what
the pie graph looks like at the times shown. t= 0.5s
3. t=1.0s t=1.5s t=2s Compare your prediction to the results that you observed. How can you explain any discrepancies?
Half life is higher than higher than anticipated when compared to the prediction 4. Is it reasonable to assume that if you start with 10 atoms of Polonium, that 0.5s later only 5 will remain
undecayed? What if you start with 500 atoms? Explain. Yes it is reasonable to assume.
This means polonium's half life is 0.5 second
or, k =0.693/t 1/2 =.693/.5 =1.386 per second
If you start with 500 atoms then after 0.5 second 250 will remain undecayed.
Part B: Beta Decay
Open the “Beta Decay” PhET model. Make sure that you click on the “Single Atom” tab.
5. Observe the beta decay in the PhET model. Write a nuclear equation for the process.
A
Z
3
1
3
1 A 0 X → Z+1Y + −1e
3
0
H → 2Y +−1e
3
0
H → 2 He +−1e 6. When an atom undergoes beta decay, where does the beta particle come from? What other particle is
produced in this process?
-The beta particle comes from the decay emitted from the nucleus. The other particle
produced is an antineutrino. Part C: Nuclear Fission
Open the “Nuclear Fission” PhET model. Make sure that you click on the “Fission: One Nucleus” tab.
7. Briefly describe the process by which Uranium-235 can be made unstable. Write a nuclear equation for
the process.
-Uranium can be made unstable through the process of nuclear fission. The fission of
Uranium is triggered by the absorption of an external neutron, splitting into two different
elements like krypton and barium.
295
92 1 92 141 1 U + 0n → 36 Kr + 56Ba +3∗0n + e 8. Suppose that you have 100 atoms of Uranium-235 and you fire a neutron into a single atom. Sketch a
qualitative graph of Fissioned U-235 Atoms vs. Time. Using the “Chain Reaction” tab within the model, validate your prediction from question 7.
9. Explain how the PhET model validates/invalidates your prediction made in question 7, citing specific
observations.
-The model validates the prediction as the parent atom is absorbing an external neutron
and splitting into two separate nuclei. 10. Using the “Chain Reaction” tab, determine the criteria and settings needed to create an atomic bomb.
- 11. Explain why “weapons-grade” Uranium would not likely contain very much Uranium-238. 12. Use the “Nuclear Reactor” tab to determine the purpose of control rods within a nuclear fission reactor. 13. Are the following videos(Video A, Video B) good analogies of nuclear fission? If we were to use
mousetraps and ping-pong balls to illustrate fission, what would each represent? Is there anything
missing from this model?
-They are good analogies but, they’re missing elements. The resulting nuclei is missing
from the model.