PSY 140 FINAL EXAM
1 Psychologists who are interested in the forces that drive human behavior are interested in _____.
a. motivation
b. emotion
c. neuroscience
d. consciousness
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2. Most psychologists agree that _____.
a. motivation is more important for affective states than emotion
b. emotions are more important for human behavior than motivation
c. emotions and motivations do not influence each other
d. emotions and motivations are closely connected with each other
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3. A psychologist who wants to understand why people who are hungry search for food instead of find a good book to read would focus on _____.
a. emotion
b. motivation
c. personality
d. psychopathology
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4. Motivation has _____ components.
a. biological
b. biological and cognitive
c. cognitive and social
d. biological, cognitive, and social
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5. Our inborn patterns of behavior that are biologically determined and not learned are referred to as: _____.
a. drives
b. needs
c. emotions
d. instincts
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6. Psychologists who believe that human behavior is motivated by genetic, innate forces probably endorse _____.
a. instinct approaches
b. drive-reduction approaches
c. arousal approaches
d. cognitive approaches
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7. Instinct approaches to motivation are most apparent in the theory of: _____.
a. B. F. Skinner
b. Raymond Cattell
c. Sigmund Freud
d. James Watson
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8. Which of the following is not a primary drive?
a. hunger
b. thirst
c. achievement
d. sleep
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9. When our bodies are too hot, we sweat to cool. When our bodies are too cold, we shiver to feel warmth. This process of maintaining a relatively stable body temperature is called _____.
a. homeostasis
b. drive
c. metabolism
d. arousal
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10. Drive-reduction and arousal approaches to motivation are similar in that they both: _____.
a. focus on instinctual motives that energize behavior
b. emphasize external factors and ignore internal factors
c. describe how humans reduce activity levels when they are too high
d. suggest that motives for behavior differ between humans and animals
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11. Shelley compliments her boss's new outfit, hoping that the compliment will make the boss like her more. Shelley's behavior can be best explained by the _____ approach to motivation.
a. cognitive
b. instinctive
c. drive reduction
d. incentive
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12. A girl enjoys playing the flute daily, and she asks her parents to enroll her in a music class. Her behavior is probably motivated by _____.
a. extrinsic forces
b. intrinsic forces
c. primary drives
d. affiliation motives
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13. Which of the following is the correct sequence of needs in Maslow's hierarchy?
a. Love, safety, belonging, esteem
b. Safety, esteem, love, self-actualization
c. Safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization
d. Belonging, esteem, self-actualization, love
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14. In most cases, eating disordered behavior first appears during: _____.
a. early childhood
b. adolescence
c. young adulthood
d. middle adulthood
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15. Obesity is typically defined as body weight that is ___ above the average weight of a person who has a particular height.
a. 50%
b. 35%
c. 20%
d. 10%
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16. In psychology, the study of personality focuses on _____.
a. change
b. stability
c. external factors
d. learned factors
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17. As you take your exam, you probably are not aware of how hard the chair is that you are sitting in. Now that it has been brought to your attention, you become more aware of the chair's hardness. Freud would argue that this information was stored in your _____.
a. unconscious
b. preconscious
c. id
d. frontal lobe
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18. Which of these statements is most applicable to the pleasure principle? _____.
a. It means that immediate gratification of basic impulses is sought
b. It is entirely within the conscious realm of personality
c. It is the motivational principle that guides the ego
d. It is concerned with doing what satisfies others
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19. Jonathan often fantasizes about having sex, and he would prefer to have sex as often as he could. However, he knows that rather than have sex all the time, he must go to classes, do his homework, and study for exams so that he can get a good job later on. According to Freud, Jonathan's _____ is regulating his sexual desires.
a. ego
b. id
c. superego's ego deal
d. superego's conscience
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20. The relationship of the id to the ego is the same as the relationship of the _____ to the _____.
a. hedonistic principle; morality principle
b. morality principle; hedonistic principle
c. reality principle; pleasure principle
d. pleasure principle; reality principle
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21. A psychopathic killer shows no remorse or sign of guilt following an attack on a public building. From Freud's psychoanalytic perspective, this person has an _____.
a. overdeveloped ego ideal
b. underdeveloped conscience
c. overdeveloped ego
d. underdeveloped id
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22. In fixation, an individual becomes locked into a(n) _____.
a. earlier developmental stage
b. later developmental stage
c. uncomfortable developmental stage
d. adolescent developmental stage
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23. In Freud's theory, at which stage of development is the source of pleasure directed toward the elimination of bodily wastes? _____.
a. oral
b. phallic
c. anal
d. genital
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24. You have observed that Sean, age 5, has a strong, affectionate attachment to his mother. Freudian theory explains this behavior as an illustration of the _____.
a. anal complex
b. Oedipus complex
c. genital complex
d. Electra complex
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25. Regarding the mind-body problem, health psychologists take the position that mind and body _____.
a. are separate but work with perfect synchrony, like two clocks that are set to give synchronized time readings
b. interact closely with each other
c. relationships are too complex to understand
d. are separate and operate independently
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26. A researcher who is interested in the relationship between psychological factors, the immune system, and the brain is a _____.
a. behavioral neuroscientist
b. psychoneuroimmunologist
c. social-cognitive psychologist
d. biological trait theorist
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27. A psychologist studies the ways in which the April 1995 Oklahoma City bombing led to physical and psychological illnesses among the city's residents. The researcher is most likely a _____ psychologist.
a. social
b. health
c. forensic
d. political
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28. The body's response to physical and psychological demands is called _____.
a. stress
b. tension
c. arousal
d. pressure
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29. The severity of stress tends to be greatest when _____.
a. important goals are threatened
b. the anticipation of stress is temporary
c. the stress will occur in the future
d. the threat is technological
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30. The terrorist bombing of the World Trade Center was which type of stressor?
a. daily hassle
b. cataclysmic event
c. personal stressor
d. background stressor
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31. Which event would be considered an example of a cataclysmic stressor? _____.
a. Failure of an alarm clock to go off in the morning
b. The death of a close family member
c. A recent earthquake in Pakistan
d. The loss of an election by one's preferred candidate
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32. A major symptom of post-traumatic stress disorder is _____.
a. flashbacks
b. delusions
c. high blood pressure
d. skin rash
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33. People who experience many rather than few daily hassles _____.
a. avoid places where cataclysmic events have happened previously
b. face fewer personal stressors than others
c. report more health symptoms of stress
d. are better able to cope when a rare cataclysmic event occurs
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34. The approach to abnormality that emphasizes measuring up to certain criteria defines abnormality according to _____.
a. one's inability to function effectively
b. how behavior deviates from an ideal standard
c. the sense of subjective discomfort
d. the psychoanalytic model
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35. The public's sense of modesty is offended when a "streaker" runs naked across campus to a waiting getaway car. This behavior is abnormal mainly from the perspective of _____.
a. deviation from the average
b. an inability to distinguish right from wrong
c. an inability to function effectively
d. the sense of subjective discomfort
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36. Linda recently moved to a big city from a rural area. She is having trouble adjusting and is afraid to leave her apartment. She is so afraid that she has not gone to the grocery store for three weeks and is eating poorly. Linda can best be described as _____.
a. unable to function effectively
b. suffering from a dissociative disorder
c. deviating from an ideal standard
d. able to create harm for others
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37. The notion of a continuum of normal and abnormal behavior implies that _____.
a. severe abnormality exists on both ends
b. behavior falls in between the two extremes
c. people strive to approach abnormality
d. these are two absolute states-either normal or abnormal
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38. The medical model is to drug therapy as the psychological approach is to _____.
a. psychotherapy
b. interactionist approach
c. diathesis-stress
d. social cognitive approach
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39. A college student thinks her whole life is a failure because she has been rejected by her first lover. Her delusional thinking can best be understood within the framework of the _____ perspective.
a. sociocultural
b. cognitive
c. behavioral
d. medical
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40. Drugs like clozapine have been used effectively to treat the symptoms of _____.
a. mood disorders
b. anxiety
c. schizophrenia
d. dissociative disorder
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41. The _____ approach to therapy seeks to resolve past conflicts and unacceptable desires that have been suppressed into the unconscious.
a. behavioral
b. cognitive
c. psychodynamic
d. humanistic
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42. Currently, the only professionals who can prescribe medications are _____.
a. psychiatric social workers
b. clinical psychologists
c. psychiatrists
d. counseling psychologists
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43. James dreamed that he went to his neighbor's house at midnight and made himself a sandwich. His psychoanalyst interpreted the dream to mean that James really wanted to go to bed with his neighbor's wife. Making the sandwich was the _____.
a. symbolic content of the dream
b. manifest content of the dream
c. latent content of the dream
d. resistant content of the dream
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44. Omar is undergoing psychotherapy and during one of his sessions the therapist asks that Omar spend some time saying aloud whatever thoughts come to his mind-no matter how illogical or irrelevant they may seem. The therapist is using _____ to reveal components of Omar's unconscious.
a. free association
b. the key-word method
c. catharsis
d. aversive conditioning
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45. Jennifer canceled her next appointment with her psychoanalyst after a particularly disturbing session. The psychoanalyst would probably suggest that Jennifer's behavior is an example of _____.
a. resistance
b. transference
c. blocked association
d. working through
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46. In psychoanalysis, a woman screams at her therapist, calling him the name of an uncle who raped her when she was 8 years old. This episode illustrates _____.
a. transference
b. unconditional negative regard
c. resistance
d. spontaneous remission
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47. A woman sought therapy for marital problems. She is unhappy because her husband does not give her enough attention, but she is quite taken with the male therapist because he gives her his undivided attention. How would a psychoanalyst interpret the woman's growing affection for the therapist?
a. resistance
b. latent content
c. transference
d. manifest content
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48. Dr. Slater has clients explore their past by delving into the unconscious using dream interpretation and free association. Dr. Slater practices _____.
a. psychoanalytic therapy
b. behavioral therapy
c. existential therapy
d. cognitive therapy
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49. The core concept of all behavioral therapies is that _____.
a. a troubled client has never received unconditional positive regard
b. both adaptive and maladaptive behaviors are the result of learning
c. symptom substitution is a desirable process and will lead to permanent improvement
d. unconscious conflicts can be resolved through the analysis of resistances
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50. Systematic desensitization is the process of _____.
a. visualizing increasingly anxiety-provoking situations while relaxing
b. pairing a behavior with an undesirable consequence
c. using a secondary reward to encourage a particular behavior
d. operant conditioning
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