HSA 535 MIDTERM EXAM PART I
Question 1
5 out of 5 points
A disease or condition that affects a greater than expected (normal) number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time is referred to as an ____.
epidemic
epidemic
• Question 2
5 out of 5 points
Physical, biological, social, cultural, and behaviors that influence health are known as ____.
determinants
determinants
• Question 3
5 out of 5 points
The first step in any epidemiological investigation is to ____.
describe the population demographically by age, race, sex, education, and other relevant indicators
describe the population demographically by age, race, sex, education, and other relevant indicators
• Question 4
5 out of 5 points
Social epidemiology studies ____.
the effect of community socioeconomic factors on health
the effect of community socioeconomic factors on health
• Question 5
5 out of 5 points
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is currently a ____.
pandemic
pandemic
• Question 6
5 out of 5 points
One of the important concepts from the Nuremberg Code is that of ____, which means that the subject understands the scope of the study and can make an informed decision to participate.
informed consent
informed consent
• Question 7
5 out of 5 points
Reproductive health studies ____.
normal reproductive processes and problems that can occur including infertility, birth defects, and low birth weight
normal reproductive processes and problems that can occur including infertility, birth defects, and low birth weight
• Question 8
5 out of 5 points
Risk factors or exposures that we think might affect the outcome are known as
independent variables
independent variables
• Question 9
5 out of 5 points
A test given to people who have no symptoms to check for the presence of a particular disease is known as a ____.
screening test
• Question 10
5 out of 5 points
The modern epidemiologic triangle includes groups of populations, causative factors, and ____.
risk factors
Correct Answer:
risk factors
• Question 11
5 out of 5 points
James Lind (1716-1794) observed the effect of time, place, weather, and diet on the spread of disease by ____.
comparing sick persons to well persons
Correct Answer:
comparing sick persons to well persons
• Question 12
5 out of 5 points
The time between infection and clinical disease is referred to as a(n) ____.
incubation period
incubation period
• Question 13
5 out of 5 points
Identifying diseases prior to the clinical stage means that prevention efforts can begin immediately. Because the disease is already present, this is an example of ____ prevention.
secondary
• Question 14
5 out of 5 points
For chronic diseases, the time between exposure and symptoms is called the ____ period, which can range from a few months to many years.
latency
latency
• Question 15
5 out of 5 points
By definition, the disease or condition used to identify a case is determined by the ____.
hypothesis
Correct Answer:
hypothesis
• Question 16
5 out of 5 points
The representation of a numerator as a fraction of a denominator is known as a(n) ____.
proportion
proportion
• Question 17
5 out of 5 points
Prevalence equals ____.
incidence times duration of disease
incidence times duration of disease
• Question 18
5 out of 5 points
A person in the population or study group identified as having the particular disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation is known as a ____.
case
case
• Question 19
5 out of 5 points
The number of existing cases of disease divided by the population is known as ____.
prevalence proportion
prevalence proportion
• Question 20
5 out of 5 points
Consider a food borne illness that is being investigated from a restaurant during a one week period. Anyone who ate at that restaurant, and had vomiting and diarrhea during that week, could be considered a(n) ____ even if they had not gone to see their doctor.
suspect case
suspect case
• Question 21
5 out of 5 points
While many people are used to hearing proportions represented as a percentage, many population samples in epidemiology are often presented per ____.
100,000
100,000
• Question 22
5 out of 5 points
A table in epidemiology that arranges numbers to allow the comparison of exposure and outcome is called a ____ table.
contingency
contingency
• Question 23
5 out of 5 points
One of the most important emerging problems with the control of infectious diseases has to do with ____.
antibiotic resistant bacterial infections
antibiotic resistant bacterial infections
• Question 24
5 out of 5 points
Infectious diseases are responsible for ____% of worldwide deaths in children under 15 years old and ____% of deaths in people aged 15-59 years old.
98; 50
Correct Answer:
98; 50
• Question 25
5 out of 5 points
How many new cases of HIV infection were reported in the United States for the year 2009?
just over 36,000
just over 36,000
• Question 26
5 out of 5 points
The disease carrier of most concern is known as a(n) ____, which is an infected person who never gets clinically ill, but can transmit the etiologic agent to others.
Answer
healthy or passive carrier
healthy or passive carrier
• Question 27
5 out of 5 points
____ is the transmission of a disease from person to person, and may be directly from one person to another, or indirectly from one person through an intermediate item to another person.
Horizontal transmission
• Question 28
5 out of 5 points
There is ____ in the overall crude death rate in the United States from the year 1900 until 1996.
a clear decline
a clear decline
• Question 29
5 out of 5 points
A(n) ____ is an infected individual capable of transmitting disease during and after clinical disease.
active carrier
active carrier
• Question 30
5 out of 5 points
The probability of death due to infectious disease in sub-Saharan Africa is ____%, but only ____% in developed countries, such as the United States.
Answer
Selected Answer:
22; 1.1
22; 1.1
USA 
India