SCI 110 WEEK 3 QUIZ

SCI 110 WEEK 3 QUIZ
1 As of 2008 the human population is approximately
a.   1.5 million.
b.   6.7 million.
c.   1.5 billion.
d.   6.7 billion.
e.   10 billion.
	
2.	During which time period did the world's population more than double?
a.   1750-1800
b.   1800-1850
c.   1850-1900
d.   1900-1950
e.   1950-2000
	
3.	If a population roughly doubles in the course of 50 years, its growth rate would be close to __________%.
a.   1.5
b.   5
c.   10
d.   20
e.   25
	
4.	__________ is the world's most populous nation, home to __________ of the people living on Earth.
a.   China; 1/2
b.   China; 1/5
c.   The United States; 1/2
d.   The United States; 1/5
e.   India; 1/3
	
5.	Replacement fertility __________ in Notestein's demographic model.
a.   restores population size after a catastrophic event
b.   is a contraceptive technique
c.   is below 2 in Latin America and the Caribbean
d.   is below 2 in Africa
e.   is equal to 2.1 in populations that are stable
	
6.	Declining death rates due to increased food production and improved medical care while birth rates remain high is characteristic of the __________ stage.
a.   pre-industrial
b.   stabilization
c.   transitional
d.   post-industrial
e.   revolutionary
	
7.	Areas with the least dense human populations are in:
a.   agricultural areas.
b.   temperate areas.
c.   Europe.
d.   Mexico.
e.   the suburbs.
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8.	Which of the following countries has the highest population growth rate?
a.   Spain
b.   Italy
c.   Pakistan
d.   Canada
e.   United States
	
9.	Which of the following factors drives TFR down?
a.   Rural lifestyle
b.   Social and economic security
c.   Sexism
d.   History and tradition
e.   High infant mortality
	
10.	The transitional stage in Frank Notestein's demographic model is initiated by:
a.   government intervention.
b.   the increased use of contraceptives.
c.   epidemics.
d.   industrialization.
e.   resource depletion.
	
11.	If global fertility rates remain at 2009 levels, the United Nations predicts that world population will be approximately __________ in 2050.
a.   12 billion
b.   10 billion
c.   7 billion
d.   5 billion
e.   4 billion
	
12.	A country with __________ is not expected to grow quickly in the near future.
a.   a pyramid-shaped age-structure diagram
b.   high female literacy
c.   a female-to-male ratio of 1.2 to 1
d.   growing industrialization
e.   many developing regions
	
13.	Canada's age structure diagram:
a.   looks like a pyramid.
b.   reflects unequal distribution of males and females at all age groups.
c.   reflects a "baby boom" in the early 1980s.
d.   reflects an aging population.
e.   reflects a population with a high growth rate.
	
14.	The world population growth rate is currently close to __________%.
a.   20
b.   10
c.   5
d.   2.5
e.   1.2
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15.	According to the IPAT model, technology that enhances our acquisition of minerals, fossil fuels, timber, and ocean fish:
a.   increases environmental impact.
b.   decreases environmental impact.
c.   increases population.
d.   increases sensitivity.
e.   decreases sensitivity.
	
16.	The Cornucopian view held by many economists suggests that resource depletion due to greater numbers of people:
a.   is not a problem if new resources can be found to replace depleted ones.
b.   is not a problem because disease will limit population size.
c.   is not a problem because humans are too intelligent to allow it to be.
d.   will lead to natural selection of the most fit individuals.
e.   will cause a population crash.
	
17.	The "sensitivity factor" in the model used to represent human environmental impact denotes:
a.   human sensitivity to what needs to be done to protect the environment.
b.   the sensitivity of an environment to human pressures.
c.   the sensitivity of endangered species to human population infringement.
d.   the sensitivity of governments to carrying capacity demands.
e.   economic sensitivity to resource use.
	
18.	Humus is:
a.   the artificial fertilizer applied to monocultures.
b.   composed of organic compounds and is necessary for fertile soils and for holding soil moisture.
c.   a layer sometimes found in a soil horizon that is created by eluviation; it causes serious problems in agricultural fields.
d.   caused by agricultural runoff into waterways or into the water table.
e.   one of the primary causes of desertification if it is present in excess.
	
19.	Industrialization:
a.   had no impact on agriculture.
b.   is necessary today for all cultures.
c.   increased the ability to obtain more food from the same area.
d.   improved soils permanently, providing more food from less space.
e.   rapidly deteriorated soils, requiring continuous movement to new croplands.
	
20.	The base geological material in a particular location is:
a.   weathered to produce a component of sols.
b.   not affected by lichens.
c.   called the A and O horizons.
d.   called the humus.
e.   called the soil profile.
	
21.	The breakdown of large rocks into smaller pieces is:
a.   mineralization.
b.   affected by rainfall, thawing, and freezing.
c.   unaffected by winds.
d.   a major cause of topsoil erosion.
e.   primarily caused by topsoil erosion.
	
22.	Leaching:
a.   can help plant growth only if done properly.
b.   is caused by movement of water upward through soil from the water table.
c.   adds nutrients to soil naturally.
d.   removes nutrients from soil.
e.   is a common agricultural practice to improve soil.
	
23.	The O horizon is:
a.   composed primarily of bedrock.
b.   composed of equal amounts of bedrock and organic material.
c.   primarily loam.
d.   usually more sand than silt or clay.
e.   primarily composed of organic materials.
	
24.	The zone beneath the A horizon, where leaching has deposited materials, is called the:
a.   O horizon.
b.   B horizon.
c.   C horizon.
d.   E horizon.
e.   Leaching does not result in deposits of materials.
	
25.	Harriet and her husband, Morris, recently bought a farm that had been left idle for over 20 years. To understand the best uses of the land, they should first investigate:
a.   the horizons, texture, structure, pH, slope, and prior erosion and cultivation.
b.   the number of horizons in the soil.
c.   current prices for crops and for livestock.
d.   the clumpiness of the soil.
e.   the necessary herbicides, pesticides, and fungicides and their costs and alternatives.
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26.	The U.S. agency charged with slowing soil degradation is the:
a.   Soil Aggregation Service.
b.   Agricultural Standards Agency.
c.   Conservation Integration Service.
d.   Natural Resources Conservation Service.
e.   There is no U.S. agency charged with soil degradation, only private firms funded by farmers.
	
27.	Shelter belts are to __________ as terraces are to __________.
a.   wind erosion; water erosion
b.   water erosion; wind erosion
c.   leaching; desertification
d.   stratification; desalinization
e.   desalinization; stratification
	
28.	The buildup of salts in soils as a result of overirrigation is:
a.   salinization.
b.   leaching.
c.   weathering.
d.   erosion.
e.   evaporation.
	
29.	Green manure is:
a.   chemical fertilizer that is not processed.
b.   organic fertilizer mixed with fresh water.
c.   fresh vegetation (dead plants, but not composted).
d.   raw sewage mixed with fresh water.
e.   expensive organic manure.
	
30.	Your composting bin will not be happy if you add:
a.   animal manures.
b.   coffee grounds.
c.   crop residues.
d.   aluminum and plastics.
e.   fresh vegetation, wood chips.
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31.	Recombinant DNA:
a.   describes pollination of one plant by another of the same species.
b.   describes pollination of one plant by another of a different species.
c.   describes the merging of DNA from unrelated organisms to create new hybrids.
d.   is assembled in the lab from mononucleotides.
e.   was part of the green revolution of the 1960s.
	
32.	Raising __________ requires the most land and water.
a.   beef cattle
b.   dairy cattle
c.   chickens
d.   pigs
e.   goats
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33.	Green revolution techniques:
a.   focus exclusively on organic farming.
b.   have contributed to an increased diversity of foods in the human diet.
c.   have had mixed environmental and economic consequences on crop yields.
d.   focus on preserving biodiversity.
e.   focus on sustainability.
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34.	Since 1960, pesticide use has __________ worldwide.
a.   dropped dramatically
b.   dropped slightly
c.   increased dramatically
d.   increased slightly
e.   stayed about the same
	
35.	Which of the following are not part of integrated pest management?
a.   Biocontrol measures
b.   Mechanical pest removal methods
c.   Subsidies for pesticide use
d.   Habitat alteration and crop rotation
e.   Transgenic crops
	
36.	In agriculture, insects are usually beneficial as:
a.   keystone species.
b.   invasive species.
c.   genetically modified species.
d.   pollinators and predators.
e.   soil builders.
	
37.	Aquaculture:
a.   can bring economic benefits and food security to many developing regions.
b.   has no real environmental disadvantages.
c.   frequently results in unintended catch of non-target species.
d.   uses more fossil fuels than traditional commercial fishing.
e.   produces less fish per unit area compared to ocean water harvesting.
	
38.	Seed banks are important for:
a.   cash deposits for developing countries.
b.   cash deposits for developing countries.
c.   protecting genetic diversity.
d.   loans to developing countries.
e.   providing farmers with the current year's GM crops.
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39.	It is more energetically efficient to eat:
a.   grains, fruit, vegetables.
b.   herbivores.
c.   carnivores.
d.   beef.
e.   chicken.
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40.	Why did the Indonesian government support IPM agriculture in 1986?
a.   Pesticide subsidies were expensive, causing pollution and decreasing yields
b.   Many people were malnourished and dying of hunger.
c.   They wanted to invest heavily in GM crops.
d.   The nation was ion a recession.
e.   They were worried about tsunamis.
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