HSA 535 FINAL EXAM PART II
1 Cyclic variations in the occurrence of pneumonia and influenza mortality may reflect
2 Which of the following activities characterizes an epidemiologic approach (as opposed to a clinical approach)?
3 Which of the following activities characterizes a clinical approach (as opposed to an epidemiological approach)?
4 Indicate the level of prevention that is represented by half-way houses for persons recovering from addiction
5 Indicate the level of prevention that is represented by immunization against rubella
6 Indicate the level of prevention that is represented by screening for breast cancer
7 To provide a direct estimate of the risk of developing a disease. Is this a use for incidence or prevalence data?
8 Determining workload and planning the scope of facilities and manpower needs, particularly for chronic disease. Is this a use for incidence or prevalence data?
9 The fundamental tool for etiologic studies of both acute and chronic diseases. Is this a use for incidence or prevalence data?
10 Descriptive epidemiology has the following characteristics (Choose the incorrect
option):
11 Reasons for gender differences in mortality may include:
12 A null hypothesis is most similar to which of the following?
13 Cautious use of information from death certificates is warranted because:
14 The best routinely available sources of data regarding the incidence of respiratory disease outbreaks and other rapidly spreading conditions are:
15 A large medical center- oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital- epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows:
16 Ecologic studies:
17 A large medical center- oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital- epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows:
18 As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing malformations in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women during the course of their pregnancies. As your sample you will use the next 200 single births occurring in a given hospital. For each birth a medication history will be taken from the new mother and from her doctor; in addition, you will review medical records to verify use of the drug. [N.B.: These mothers are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during pregnancy.]
The resultant data are:
Forty mothers have taken the suspected drug during their pregnancies. Of these mothers, 35 have delivered malformed infants. In addition, 10 other infants are born with malfunctions. What type of study design is this?
19 As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing malformations in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women during the course of their pregnancies. As your sample you will use the next 200 single births occurring in a given hospital. For each birth a medication history will be taken from the new mother and from her doctor; in addition, you will review medical records to verify use of the drug. [N.B.: These mothers are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during pregnancy.]
The resultant data are:
Forty mothers have taken the suspected drug during their pregnancies. Of these mothers, 35 have delivered malformed infants. In addition, 10 other infants are born with malfunctions.
The number of individuals who both did not take the drug and did not give birth to infants who were malformed was:
20 Practical considerations in the design of cohort studies do not usually include:
21 A screening examination was performed on 250 persons for Factor X, which is found in disease Y. A definitive diagnosis for disease Y among the 250 persons had been obtained previously. The results are charted below:
22 A new blood test has been developed to screen for disease Z. Researchers establish 50 units as a cut point above which a test is considered positive and thereby indicative of disease. The test manufacturers determine that the test- sensitivity is unacceptably low. However, the manufacturers are not concerned with the specificity and do not want the cost of the test to rise. How can they improve the sensitivity of the test?
23 Choose the best answer. A test developed to assess age-related changes in bone density that does not pick up these changes has:
24 The table below shows the mumps experience of children in 390 families exposed to mumps by a primary case within the family:
25 An outbreak of salmonellosis occurred after an epidemiology department luncheon, which was attended by 485 faculty and staff. Assume everyone ate the same food items. Sixty-five people had fever and diarrhea, five of these people were severely affected. Subsequent laboratory tests on everyone who attended the luncheon revealed an additional 72 cases. The attack rate of salmonellosis was:
26 A person with an inapparent infection:
27 The time period between initial exposure and a measurable response:
28 Exposure to electric and magnetic fields has been linked to:
29 Which of the following statements describes a stressful life event?
30 Which of the following conditions would not be likely to be considered a Western or way-of-life disease?
USA 
India