HSA/535 HSA535 HSA 535 Week 5 MIDTERM EXAM PART 1

The biological cause of a problem or disease is known as ____.

The course of a disease, if left untreated, is referred to as ____.

The first step in any epidemiological investigation is to ____.

Reproductive health studies ____.

Physical, biological, social, cultural, and behaviors that influence health are known as ____.

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is currently a ____.

A disease or condition that affects a greater than expected (normal) number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time is referred to as an ____.

The modern epidemiologic triangle includes groups of populations, causative factors, and ____.

The aspect of consistency means that ____.

Risk factors or exposures that we think might affect the outcome are known as ____.

A test given to people who have no symptoms to check for the presence of a particular disease is known as a ____.

James Lind (1716-1794) observed the effect of time, place, weather, and diet on the spread of disease by ____.

For chronic diseases, the time between exposure and symptoms is called the ____ period, which can range from a few months to many years.

Identifying diseases prior to the clinical stage means that prevention efforts can begin immediately. Because the disease is already present, this is an example of ____ prevention.

A person in the population or study group identified as having the particular disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation is known as a ____.

Prevalence equals ____.

A proportion measured over a period of time is known as a ____.

The number of new cases of disease in a specified time (usually one year) divided by the population “at-risk” to develop the disease is known as ____.

By definition, the disease or condition used to identify a case is determined by the ____.

The representation of a numerator as a fraction of a denominator is known as a(n) ____.

Consider a food borne illness that is being investigated from a restaurant during a one week period.  Anyone who ate at that restaurant, and had vomiting and diarrhea during that week, could be considered a(n) ____ even if they had not gone to see their doctor.

A table in epidemiology that arranges numbers to allow the comparison of exposure and outcome is called a ____ table.

One of the most important emerging problems with the control of infectious diseases has to do with ____.

If a bacterium carries several resistance genes, it is called a ____.

The probability of death due to infectious disease in sub-Saharan Africa is ____%, but only ____% in developed countries, such as the United States.

____ is the transmission of a disease from mother to child during pregnancy or delivery.

____ is the transmission of a disease from person to person, and may be directly from one person to another, or indirectly from one person through an intermediate item to another person.

How many new cases of HIV infection were reported in the United States for the year 2009?

Infectious diseases are responsible for ____% of worldwide deaths in children under 15 years old and ____% of deaths in people aged 15-59 years old.

There is ____ in the overall crude death rate in the United States from the year 1900 until 1996.