PHSC/210 PHSC210 PHSC 210 WEEK 6 Mastering Geology Assignments 10

PHSC 210 WEEK 6 Mastering Geology Assignments 10

Mastering Geology Assignments 10

 Item 1

 Part A

Surface ocean currents ___. 

CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.

transfer large amounts of heat from the high latitudes toward the equator

are driven by winds

are influenced by Coriolis effect

form large rotating gyres in the major ocean basins

 

Part B

 

Equatorial currents that are part of the subtropical gyres flow ___. Equatorial counter currents between the gyres flow ___ .

east to west; west to east

east to west; east to west

west to east; west to east

west to east; east to west

 

Part C

 

Warm ocean currents ___.

generally flow from high latitudes towards the equator

are warmer than the surrounding water

are warmer than 15 degrees Celsius

generally flow along the west coasts of continents

 

Part D

 

Cool ocean currents ___.

are still warmer than the surrounding water

generally flow from high latitudes towards the equator

are cooler than 15 degrees C

generally flow along the east coasts of continents

 

Part E

 

The subtropical gyres ___.

are only important because the currents affect ships crossing them

drive the trade winds

result from changes in water density (due to temperature and salt content)

play a large role in climate

 

Part F

 

Deep ocean currents ___.

are primarily driven by wind patterns

include deep water that rises in the North Atlantic and surface water that sinks in the Pacific and Indian Oceans

result from changes in water density (due to temperature and salt content)

 

Item 2

 

Part A

In the long term, what do beach drift and longshore current do?

Move sediment parallel to the shoreline

Move sediment up to the shoreline

Move sediment away from the shoreline

Move sediment perpendicular to the shoreline

 

Part B

What is the longshore current?

water forced by longshore drift to move along the shore

water forced by waves to move along the shore

water forced by waves to move away from the shore

water forced by longshore drift to move away from the shore

 

Part C

Which way would sediment move if NO beach drift existed?

parallel to shore

at an angle to shore

away from shore

perpendicular to shore

 

Item 3

 

Part A

 

Which one of the following statements regarding active and/or passive margins is NOT true?

The shorelines of the east and west coasts of the U.S. look very different.

There are not many earthquakes or volcanoes along passive margins.

Cape Cod represents an active margin, as evidenced by its large sand dunes.

Long, beautiful beaches characterize passive margins.

Subduction commonly occurs along active margins, pushing cliffs upward.

Part B

What is the name of the gigantic boulders left behind as the glaciers receded?

moraines

spits

kettles

tills

erratics

 

Part C

 

A thin peninsula called a spit extends beyond the bluffs of the outer beach on Cape Cod. What has caused this spit to form?

As sea level drops during the winter, shoals are exposed. These are known as spits.

When beach dunes become separated from the mainland by an intervening stream, a spit forms.

Barrier islands that migrate are known as spits.

Sand from the bluffs is carried and deposited by longshore currents.

Nor’easter storms cause larger landmasses to erode into long, thin ridges known as spits.

 

Part D

If the sediment that makes up the beaches of Cape Cod were to lithify, what kind of rock would it become?

sandstone

shale

limestone

basalt

Rock Gypsum

 

Item 4

 

Part A

 

Why are coastal stabilization structures built along coastlines?

CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.

to protect coastal property from wave erosion

to stop beach sand erosion

to maintain natural habitat

to limit sand removal by humans

 

Part B

In which direction does the longshore current move?

perpendicular to and away from shore

at an angle and away from shore

at an angle and toward shore

perpendicular to and toward shore

parallel to shore

 

Part C

Which of the following structures are types of coastal stabilization structures?

CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.

breakwaters

currents

jetties

groins

beaches

Part D

 

How do jetties protect harbor entrances?

by causing the longshore current to move parallel to the harbor mouth

by promoting the deposition of sand in the harbor mouth

by causing the longshore current to move in the opposite direction

by inhibiting the deposition of sand in the harbor mouth

 

Part E

 

What would you do to both grow a large beach and protect a harbor mouth?

Place two breakwaters on either side of the harbor mouth, and build a breakwater downcurrent from the harbor mouth.

Place two jetties on either side of the harbor mouth, and build a breakwater upcurrent from the harbor mouth.

Place two jetties on either side of the harbor mouth, and build a breakwater downcurrent from the harbor mouth.

Place two breakwaters on either side of the harbor mouth, and build a breakwater upcurrent from the harbor mouth.

 

Item 5

 

Part A

 

Based on the diagram below, at what location would you expect the highest high tide to occur?

 

 

 

Part B

 

Based on the diagram below, at which locations would you expect low tides to occur?

 

 

Part C

 

Which of the following moon stages is correlated with Spring tides?

Choose all that apply.

 

Part D

 

Which of the following moon stages is correlated with Neap tides?

Choose all that apply

 Part E

 Based on the moon phase shown below, select which special tide has occurred most recently and which special tide will occur next.

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