Glaciers can disrupt the hydrologic cycle.

Glacial activity can change the position of sea level relative to present conditions.

Glaciers are capable of oversteepening slopes.

Glaciers are capable of moving large amounts of sediment.

All of the responses are valid.s

approximately 1/5 as much

approximately 1/2 as much

approximately 1/4 as much

approximately 1/3 as much

approximately 1/8 as much

At the last glacial maximum, sea level was about 50 meters (~150 feet) lower than it is today.

At the last glacial maximum, sea level was about 10 meters (~30 feet) lower than it is today.

At the last glacial maximum, sea level was about 1000 meters (~3000 feet) lower than it is today.

At the last glacial maximum, sea level was about 25 meters (~75 feet) lower than it is today.

At the last glacial maximum, sea level was about 100 meters (~300 feet) lower than it is today.

Part D

If all the ice that currently exists on Earth were to melt in the next 300–400 years, which of the following cities would have the leastdifficulty?

You should see little evidence of mass wasting in the valleys.

You would expect to find broad floodplains on either side of valleys.

You would look for deep, V-shaped valleys.

You should expect a lack of sediment in the area.

You would look for rounded, U-shaped valleys.

till

terminus

end moraine

tidewater glacier

erratic

When ice flows around a bend or over an obstacle, it is stretched and torn, causing large cracks to form.

During the summer, the lower parts of a glacier warm and meltwater flows, forming large gashes in the ice.

Glacial meltwater flows into holes on the surface and into the interior of the glacier.

Rocks tumble down valley walls as landslides, crashing down upon the glacier surface.

Global warming is causing glaciers to melt at alarming rates, resulting in unusually large cracks.

The presence of finely ground sediment called rock flour in the meltwater.

The reflection of sunlight off of the suspended calcium carbonate ions in solution.

Some glacial ice, particularly in Antarctica, is extremely old, which causes streams that emerge from these glaciers to be milky colored.

Glaciers are made up of interlocking crystals of ice that flow like silly putty; therefore, glacial meltwater is viscous and milky.

Air-borne dust that accumulates on a glacier surface over many years.

C-shaped

U-shaped

V-shaped

S-shaped

in equilibrium

retreating

advancing

a bedding plane that remains horizontal even during an episode of normal faulting

upheaved rocks found along a fault line

preserved, wave-cut shoreline of an ancient lake

folded strata that were originally deposited in flat, horizontal layers

the trace of a fracture called a normal fault, where a portion of crust slides down the fault surface

Death Valley is a tectonically active region

large rivers are responsible for sculpting the topography of Death Valley

Death Valley is being compressed and the basins are rising

Death Valley receives vast amounts of rainfall

the mountains in Death Valley are entirely composed of loose, unconsolidated sediment

Volcanic activity formed the tall mountain ranges as the North American Plate moved westward over a stationary magma plume.

Large lakes that existed when climate was cooler and wetter filled the space between mountains to form basins.

During the Mesozoic, compression folded the rock layers to form tall mountains and intervening basins.

As weathering and erosion occurs, intrusive rocks are exposed, which form the cores of the mountain ranges.

Extension due to normal faulting causes valley floors to sink.

the cinder cone formed in two separate volcanic episodes, producing two distinct parts

an entire mountain slid off the Black Mountains along a low angle fault with a force great enough to split the cinder cone

the Pacific and North American plates are moving alongside each other along strike-slip faults

magma rose along the fault, wedging and splitting the cinder cone into two parts

pater noster lake

tarns

glacial trough

hanging valleys

cirques

cirque

horn

hanging valley

tarn

arête

arête

glacial trough

horn

truncated spur

cirque

irregular

rectangular

triangular

V-shaped

U-shaped