PHSC/210 PHSC210 PHSC 210 WEEK 2 Mastering Geology Assignments 4
- Liberty University / PHSC 210
- 05 Aug 2017
- Price: $15
- Other / Other
PHSC 210 WEEK 2 Mastering Geology Assignments 4
Mastering Geology Assignments 4
Item 1
Part A
Which of the following statements best describes Wegener’s idea of continental drift?
|
Continents are subsiding into the seas. |
|||||
|
Global oceans were draining, which exposed stationary parts of the seafloor we now call continents. |
|||||
|
Continents were building up through sedimentation. |
|||||
|
Ancient organisms had undergone mass migrations to reach the continents where they are found today. |
|||||
|
Continents were formerly in different positions on the Earth and have shifted to their present locations over time.
Part BHow was the fossil record of ancient life used to support Wegener’s hypothesis about Pangaea?
|
Part C
Late Paleozoic sedimentary rocks often contain extensive coal seams that were used to support the existence of Pangaea. What would the climate have been at that time and at the location where the coal deposits were formed, and what would it indicate about the continent’s past latitude?
|
Arid climate near the Equator |
|
Warm, humid climate near the Equator |
|
Cold climate near the South Pole |
|
Polar tundra climate |
|
Temperate climate in the mid-latitudes |
Part D
When matching up once-joined continents such as South America and Africa, the coastlines do not fit together as nicely as the continental shelves. Why might this be the case?
|
Separation of the continents resulted in deformation of the coastlines. |
||||
|
Large volumes of sediment eroded from the continent fills in the gaps between the shelves. |
||||
|
The coastlines have been altered by vast deposits of lava. |
||||
|
The continental shelves are the edges of the continent. The shoreline simply shows where the sea level is in relation to topography.
Part EWhat evidence supports that the glaciers on the southern continents were once part of a single, massive ice sheet?
|
Part A
Which of the following lithospheric plates is not included among the seven largest?
|
the South American plate |
|
the Australian-Indian plate |
|
the African plate |
|
the Antarctic plate |
|
the Philippine plate |
Part B
Earth’s lithospheric plates are composed of crust and which of the following layers?
|
the outermost portion of the core |
|
the innermost portion of the mantle |
|
the middle portion of the mantle |
|
the core |
|
the outermost portion of the mantle |
Part C
Which of the following processes can be observed at the margins of lithospheric plates?
|
faulting |
|
earthquakes |
|
volcanoes |
|
mountain building |
|
All of the responses are correct. |
Part D
In studies of rock obtained from ocean basins all over Earth, the oldest ages obtained are approximately 200 million years before the present. Why have no older oceanic rocks been discovered?
|
Due to tectonic activity, rocks on the ocean floor are continually recycled. |
|
As the lithospheric plates move around, most of the ocean floor rocks are pushed up to form mountains. |
|
Scientists haven’t sampled enough sites to find older rocks. |
|
The age of Earth is 200 million years. |
|
Ocean floor is dispersed by volcanic eruptions. |
Part E
Currently the Juan de Fuca plate is interacting with the North American plate where inland volcanoes and deep focus earthquakes are occurring. What type of plate boundary is this?
|
a divergent plate boundary |
|
a continental rift zone |
|
a transform boundary |
|
a convergent plate boundary |
|
a mantle plume |
Part A
Where are tectonic plates located?
|
at Earth's surface |
|
below Earth's surface, near the core |
|
just under Earth's surface |
|
below Earth's surface, in the upper mantle |
Part B
What are the three types of plate boundaries?
|
divergent, convergent, and transform |
|
divergent, converse, and transform |
|
divergent, converse, and transverse |
|
divergent, convergent, and transverse |
|
digressive, convergent, and transform |
Part C
Which of the following statements about earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 is most accurate?
|
Earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 occur in a pattern than correlates closely with plate boundaries. |
|
Earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 occur in a pattern than correlates loosely with plate boundaries. |
|
Earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 occur in a pattern than correlates closely with hot spots. |
|
Earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4.0 occur in a pattern than correlates loosely with hot spots. |
Part D
Which plate boundary is NOT associated with volcanic eruptions?
|
divergent |
|
transform |
|
converse |
|
convergent |
Part E
Which phenomenon can explain the presence of volcanoes in the middle of the Pacific Ocean?
|
transform motion |
||||
|
subduction |
||||
|
divergence |
||||
|
hot spots |
||||
|
earthquakes
Part FWhich type of plate boundary is most closely associated with uplifting continental regions and mountain building?
|
Item 4
The convergent plate boundaries are formed when two lithospheric plates move toward each other. The nature of a convergent boundary depends on the type of plates that are converging. The three types of plate convergence are
- Oceanic-oceanic plate convergence:When two oceanic plates converge, the denser of the two subducts into the mantle. The subduction results in the partial melting of lithospheric rock above the area of subduction, leading to the formation of volcanoes.
- Oceanic-continental plate convergence:When an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate, the oceanic plate, being denser, subducts to form volcanic mountains.
- Continental-continental plate convergence: When two continental plates converge, neither of them subducts as they have a density that is much lower than the mantle, resulting in the formation of a collisional mountain chain.
Part A - Types of convergent plate boundaries
Identify each type of convergent plate boundary.
Drag the appropriate convergence labels to their respective targets.
|
Continental-continental convergence Oceanic-continental convergence Oceanic-oceanic convergence |
Part B - Geologic features formed due to convergent plate boundaries
Depending on the type of plate convergence, different features could result. Examples of these features include volcanic island arcs, continental volcanic arcs, and a collisional mountain chain.
Drag and drop each of the following types of features to match the respective geologic formations.
|
Collisional mountain chain Continental volcanic arcs Volcanic island arcs |
Item 5
Part A
What is convection?
|
a cycle of moving material formed by the rise of denser material and the sinking of less-dense material |
|
a cycle of moving material formed by the sinking and rising of high-density material |
|
a cycle of moving material formed by the rise of less-dense material and the sinking of denser material |
|
a cycle of moving material formed by the sinking and rising of low-density material |
Part B
What accounts for most tectonic plate motion?
|
forces at upwelling plumes |
|
forces at divergent zones |
|
forces at subduction zones |
|
forces at convection cells |
Part C
What is the relationship between temperature and density?
|
In general, warmer materials are denser, and colder materials are less dense. |
|
In general, warmer materials are less massive, and therefore less dense, and colder materials are more massive. |
|
In general, warmer materials are more massive, and therefore denser, and colder materials are less massive. |
|
In general, warmer materials are less dense, and colder materials are denser. |
Part D
Which of the following terms best characterizes upwelling in the asthenosphere?
|
diffuse |
|
concentrated |
|
diverse |
|
convective |
Part E
What is a plume?
|
a zone of upwelling material originating at the subduction-outer core boundary |
||||
|
a zone of upwelling material originating at the mantle-asthenosphere boundary |
||||
|
a zone of upwelling material originating at the outer core-asthenosphere boundary |
||||
|
a zone of upwelling material originating at the outer core-mantle boundary
Part FWhat features at the surface provide evidence of plumes?
|
USA 
India