Final Exam Good work

1). Which type of research includes an array of interpretative techniques which seek to describe, decode, translate, and otherwise come to terms with the meaning of certain phenomena?
•	 
Qualitative
•	 
Quantitative
•	 
Descriptive
•	 
Statistical


2. Which term below refers to the descriptors of variables computed from sample data used to estimate those same variables in the population?
•	 
Population parameters
•	 
Standard errors
•	 
Systematic estimates
•	 
Sample statistics

3. A population consists of the following data: 7, 11, 12, 18, 20, 22, 25. The population variance is
•	 
36.82
•	 
22.86
•	 
5.16
•	 
6.07

4. If the hypothesis presented is tested using a .05 alpha level and the resulting p value is .01, which of the following interpretations of the results is most appropriate?
•	 
As income increases, food expenditures increase.
•	 
There is a relationship between income and food expenditures.
•	 
As income decreases, the percentage of income spent on food increases.
•	 
There is no relationship between income and food expenditures.

5. Paired comparison scales result in _____ data.
•	 
ratio
•	 
interval
•	 
ordinal
•	 
nominal

6. Five homes were recently sold in Oxnard Acres. Four of the homes sold for $400,000 while the fifth home sold for $2.5 million. Which measure of central tendency best represents a typical home price in Oxnard Acres?
•	The mean or mode.
•	 
The midrange or mean.
•	 
The median or mode.
•	 
The mean or median.

7. An increase in hours of television viewing leads to increases in the sales of snack foods. This is an example of a
•	 
causal hypothesis
•	 
correlational hypothesis
•	 
research question
•	 
descriptive hypothesis

8. The null hypothesis is typically rejected when
•	 
the calculated value is smaller than the critical value
•	 
the critical value is smaller than the calculated value
•	 
a chi-square statistic is computed
•	 
the level of significance chosen is .05

9. When political researchers assess opinions towards President Bush's plan for social security reform, a(n) ______ study is used. However, when political researchers want to assess the change in opinion towards the war in Iraq from the initial deployment of troops to the elections in Iraq, a(n) _____ study should be used.
•	 
exploratory, formal
•	 
experimental, ex post facto
•	 
cross-sectional, longitudinal
•	 
monitoring, communication

10. Companies such as Unilever and Proctor and Gamble conduct research to clarify ambiguous ideas that may be potential business opportunities. What type of research is this?
•	 
Descriptive
•	 
Exploratory
•	 
Inferential
•	 
Causal

11. Inducements offered to participants as encouragement to participate in research that are disproportionate to the task are considered
•	 
Coercive
•	 
Persuasive
•	 
Informative
•	 
Appropriate

12. Find the sample correlation coefficient for the following data.
X	Y
3	8
7	12
5	13
9	10
11	17
13	23
19	39
21	38
•	 
.8911
•	 
.9556
•	 
.9132
•	 
.9822

13. Which of the following measures is used to assess the strength of relationships in cross-classification tables?
•	 
ANOVA
•	 
Parametric measures of association
•	 
Regression
•	 
Nonparametric measures of association

14. Allison is editing a data set and finds that a response of 7 has been entered for a question that requests a response between 1 and 5. What should Allison do?
•	 
Enter a response of unknown
•	 
Enter a 3 as a neutral response
•	 
Enter a response between 1 and 5
•	 
Enter a mode for the question

15. Management would like to determine the feasibility of conducting research on a new set of stainless steel cookware recently introduced on a home shopping network. Which of the following statements is not a consideration?
•	 
The research question and hypothesis should be clearly defined.
•	 
The research conclusion should match the research objective.
•	 
The research design should be thoroughly planned.
•	 
The purpose of the research must be clearly defined.
16. Consider the following data: 6, 7, 17, 51, 3, 17, 23, and 69. The range and the median are
•	 
69 and 17
•	 
69 and 17.5
•	 
66 and 17
•	 
66 and 17.5

17.  In the Southeast, the potato chip market share held by the Lays brand is 46%. This is an example of
•	 
an explanatory hypothesis
•	 
a descriptive hypothesis
•	 
a research question
•	 
a relational hypothesis

18. Which of the following involves a test of two-independent samples?
•	 
Test of the average incomes of subscribers of Southern Living and Better Homes and Gardens
•	 
Test of differences in the percent of men and women who are or are not members of Greek organizations on campus
•	 
Test of whether a change occurred in the proneness for heart disease among people who switched to a diet high in fish
•	 
Test of whether the mean salary of professors at Metro University is higher than the national average for university professors

19. Suppose you cross tabulate consumption rates with income and find no apparent relationship. When age is introduced you find that there is a relationship between consumption and income within age groups. This is an example of a(n) ________ variable at work.
•	 
suppresser
•	 
extraneous
•	 
antecedent
•	 
Component

20. An experimental study is one that
•	 
attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another
•	 
attempts to capture a population's characteristics by making inferences from a sample's characteristics and testing resulting hypotheses
•	 
involves manipulation of one or more variables to determine the effect on another variable
•	 
discovers answers to the questions who, what, when, where, or how much

21. The _____ is used to test the statistical significance of the observed association in cross-tabulation.
•	 
Cramer'sV
•	 
chi-square coefficient
•	 
phi coefficient
•	 
contingency coefficient

22. Which type of non-probability sampling technique is most useful when individuals with the desired characteristics, experiences, or attitudes are difficult to identify or reach? 
•	 
Purposive sampling
•	 
Convenience sampling
•	 
Random sampling
•	 
Snowball sampling

23. Which term below refers to a controlled, randomized procedure that assures that each population element is given a known, nonzero chance of selection into a study's sample?
•	 
Census
•	 
Probability sampling
•	 
Nonprobability sampling
•	 
Element selection

24. The _____ is a parametric test to determine the statistical significance between the sample distribution mean and a population parameter.
•	 
t-test
•	 
F statistic
•	 
Z distribution
•	 
Z test

25. Jeremy is using an ANOVA to examine the alternative hypothesis that brand loyalty is higher among frequent fliers of Jet Blue than the reported brand loyalty of frequent fliers on United, US Airways, and Delta. If the p value is less than .05 and the F ratio is greater than 1, which of the following interpretations is correct?
•	 
Jet Blue has lower brand loyalty among its frequent fliers than do the other three airlines.
•	 
There is a difference in brand loyalty among customers of the four airlines.
•	 
There is no difference in brand loyalty among customers of the four airlines.


Jet Blue has higher brand loyalty among its frequent fliers than do the other three airlines examined.

26. The product moment correlation coefficient between brand loyalty and attitude toward the brand is .65 with a p value of .01. What does the sign of the correlation coefficient signify?
•	 
The significance of the relationship
•	 
The importance of the relationship
•	 
The direction of the relationship

The magnitude of the relationship

27. A case study is one that
•	 
emphasizes a full contextual analysis of a few events or conditions and their interrelations (guessed)
•	 
attempts to capture a population's characteristics by making inferences from a sample's characteristics and testing resulting hypotheses
•	 
attempts to reveal why or how one variable produces changes in another
•	 
discovers answers to the questions who, what, when, where, or how much

•	 
The magnitude of the relationship

28. Scott's Lawn Care has hired Henry Associates to find out whether home improvement warehouse stores communicate the benefits of various brands of lawn care products differently than smaller stores. Henry Associates needs to know what is communicated to consumers in the actual settings of the stores and wants to ensure that the message isn't filtered. Only behavioral data is required. Which type of data collection method is most appropriate in this situation?
•	 
Observation
•	 
Communication
•	 
Experimental
•	 
Surveys

29. What type of data is produced by simple category scales?
•	 
Ordinal
•	 
Interval
•	 
Nominal
•	 
Ratio

30. As a measure of dispersion, compared to the range, an advantage of the standard deviation is
•	 
describing the distance between the highest and lowest values
•	 
considering only the data values in the middle of the data array.
•	 
considering all data values
•	 
being calculated easily through the use of a formula