1. All of the following are exmaples of environmental nonprofit, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), except World Wildlife Fund Natural Resources Defense Council U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service The Nature Conservancy Greenpeace 2. As a form of waste reduction, reuse does all of the following, EXCEPT Decreases the use of matter resources Decreases the use of energy resources Cuts pollution and waste Creates local jobs Costs money 3. Which of the following is NOT a type of ewaste? Discraded TV sets Discarded computer printer paper Discarded cell phones Discraded electronic toys Discarded computer monitors 4. At what level of exposure to a particular toxic chemical will the chemical cause harm? Toxicity Biomagnifications Persistence Response Dose 5. Markets do well in the production and distribution of private goods, but are not so good at Accumulating resources Distribution of resources Public services Protecting sources of information Developing strategies 6. Typical rain in the eastern US is at least _____ times more acidic than what normal precipitation should be 2 5 10 20 50 7. Governments intervene in markets to do all of the following, EXCEPT Prevent degradation of open-access resources Provide public services Provide security ad protecton Manage public resources Direct production of goods and services 8. Developed contries, in the year 2000, pledged to devote 0.7% of their national income toward reducing hunger and poverty, and moving toward environmental sustainability. What is the average actual amount donated by these countries? 2.0% 1.5% 0.75% 0.50% 0.25% 9. The trickle-down effect describes how Hhigh quality energy being converted to low quality heat energy Toxic wastes filter down in landfills. Use of microloans to alleviate poverty Economic growth increases the number of jobs and helps the poor help themselves. Movement of toxic pesticides percolate through a food web. 10. Which of the following would NOT traditionally support an eco-economy? Shift taxes from wages and profits to pollution and waste. Improve energy efficiency. Shift from a carbon-based economy to a renewable fuel-based economy. Repair ecological damage Decrease subsidies for alternative fuel vehicles. 11. The process by which individuals and groups tries to influence or control the policies and actions of governments is known as Lobbying policy making politics all of these answers none of these answers 12. Countries whose environment has been severely degraded may be characterized by any of the following, EXCEPT Deterioration of vital infrastructure Increased immigration Allegiance to warlords Breakdown of law and order Violent internal conflict or civil war 13. Ecological and environmental economists consider which of the following to be a basic cause of environmental degradation, pollution, poor health, and premature death? Taxes on wages, income, wealth Using tradable permits or rights to pollute Government subsidies Laws and regulations to prevent pollution Poverty 14. Human inputs of outdoor air pollutants occur mostly In rural areas In the mountains Along the oceans In urban areas In the deserts 15. New and more innovative business replacing older ones that can no longer thrive under changing economic conditions is known as Free market system Economic competition Economic succession Neoclassical economics Environmental economics 16. ________relates to the amount of a potentially toxic substance as it passes through food chains and webs. Toxicity Biomagnification Persistence Response Dose 17. Which of the following countries did not adopt Agenda 21, the global agenda for sustainable development in the 21st century? Russia England United States Australia Canada 18. The atmospheric layer containing 75% of the mass of earth's air is the Thermosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere Tropopause 19. Levying taxes on each unit of pollution discharged into the air or water is an example of Tradable pollution rights Charging user fees Regulation Green taxes Subsidies for beneficial actions 20. Which branch of the U.S. government is responsible for instructing federal agencies on their tasks? Federal Military Executive Judicial none of these answers 21. Environmentalists say that the best way to handle soft drink and beer containers is to Use landfills Use paper bottles Use stainless steel cans Use reusable glass bottles and PET containers and recycle Bury them 22. Which of the following is the LEAST desirable from an environmental standpoint? Repair Reduce Reuse Compost Recycle 23. Since 1980, the gap between the rich and the poor has Disappeared Increased stayed the same Decreased Stayed the same and then decreased 24. The system responsible for defense against disease and harmful substances is the Circulatory system Endocrine system Immune system Excretory system Skeletal system 25. Most of earth's weather occurs in the Troposphere Thermosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Tropopause 26. The U.S. population is Shifting to the north and east Shifting to the north and west Shifting to the south and east Shifting to the south and west Shifting to the north and south 27. The leading cause of water pollution is? industrial facilities mining agriculture domestic sources none of these answers 28. Pollutants in the Great Lakes of North America can take up to ____ to be flushed out to the Atlantic Ocean 25 years 50 years 75 years 100 years 150 years 29. To qualify as a megacity, it must have a population of ____ people 1 million 5 million 7 million 10 million 15 million 30. Waste that includes paper, food wastes, cans, bottles, yard waste, glass, wood, and similar items is called industrial solid waste hazardous waste municipal solid waste toxic solid waste ewaste 31. In a warmer world, which of the following organisms are likely to be hardest hit? polar bears insects weeds fungi all of these answers 32. One way to attempt to deal with the solid wastes we create is to attempt to reduce the environmental impact without trying to reduce the amount of waste produced. This is called waste reduction waste prevention secondary pollution prevention primary pollution prevention waste management 33. With 4.6% of the world's population, the United States produces about _____ of the world's solid waste one-tenth one-fifth one-fourth one-third one-half 34. Without changing what we are doing to the environment, the projected amount of warming by the year 2100 is 2 degrees C 3 degrees C 4 degrees C 5 degrees C 6 degrees C 35. In general, acid deposition has harmful effects for terrestrial ecosystems when it falls below a pH level of 3.6 4.6 5.6 6.6 7.6 36. Large masses of floating plastics in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans are known as Great Atlantic and Pacific Garbage Patches Atlantic and Pacific Plastic Vortexes Atlantic and Pacific Plastic Hotspots Atlantic and Pacific Plastic Black Holes None of these answers 37. Experts rate indoor air pollution as a serious health problem for humans non-serious health problem for humans mildly serious health problem for humans high-risk ecological problem none of these 38. Which of the following is a point source of water pollution? offshore oil wells livestock feedlots urban lands croplands parking lots 39. The degradation of Lake Washington resulted from the introduction by sewage treatment plants of which of the following? Phosphorus Nitrogen Oxygen Chlorine fecal material 40. The most serious threat from ozone depletion is that increased UV radiation causes cataracts destroys phytoplankton increases skin cancers suppresses immune system causes worse sunburns 41. According to a 2009 EPA report, between 1980 and 2008 the combined emissions of six major air pollutants decreased by how much? 17% 23% 36% 49% 54% 42. The amount of solid waste produced in the United States each year would fill a convoy of garbage trucks stretching around the world almost 2 times 4 times 6 times 8 times 10 times 43. Which has NOT been a major factor promoting urban sprawl in the United States? A surplus of rural open space is still available. Federal loan guarantees to WWII veterans. The Homestead Act still gives land cheaply away in many areas of the country. Cheap gasoline. Poor urban planning. 44. Which of the following is NOT one of the world's leading greenhouse gas producer? India European Union China Brazil none of these answers 45. All of the following are on EPA's "four most dangerous indoor air pollutants list," EXCEPT Asbestos radon-222 styrene cigarette smoke formaldehyde 46. To be considered safe for swimming, a 100 milliliter sample of water should contain ___ or fewer colonies of coliform bacteria. 0 5 10 100 200 47. The natural nutrient enrichment of a shallow lake, estuary, or slow moving stream is called Oligotrophy Runoff Upwellings red tides eutrophication 48. Which of the following is not a characteristic of PCBs? is a carcinogen is a teratogen breakdown very slowly found almost everywhere none of these answers 49. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates how many people on earth do NOT have access to clean drinking water? 1 out of 100 1 out of 50 1 out of 20 1 out of 10 1 out of 7 50. One fish in _____ taken from the Great Lakes is unsafe for human consumption Ten Seven Five Four Three
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